{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:01:49Z","timestamp":1791000109578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis A (HA) is a vaccine\u2010preventable liver disease with &gt;170 million new cases occurring yearly. In recent outbreaks in the USA, hospitalization and case\u2010fatality ratios were\u2009&gt;60% and\u2009~1%, respectively. In Europe, endemicity persists and outbreaks continue to occur. We performed a systematic literature review to understand the changes in HA occurrence in Europe over the past two decades. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for peer\u2010reviewed articles published between 1 January 2001 and 14 April 2021 using terms covering HA, 11 selected European countries, outbreaks, outcomes and HA virus circulation. Here, we focus on HA occurrence and outbreaks in the five countries with the largest population and the most comprehensive vaccination recommendations: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK; 118 reports included data for these five European countries. Notification rates (\u22649.7\/100,000 population) and percentages of men among cases (\u226483.0%) peaked in 2017. The number of person\u2010to\u2010person\u2010transmitted cases and outbreaks decreased in children but increased in other risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Sexually transmitted outbreaks in MSM clustered around 2017. Travel\u2010related outbreaks were few; the proportion of travel\u2010related cases decreased during the past two decades, while the number of domestic cases increased. Despite the existing risk\u2010based vaccination recommendations, HA transmission shifted in proportions from travelers and children to other risk groups, such as MSM and older age groups. Because a substantial proportion of the European population is susceptible to HA, adherence to existing recommendations should be monitored more closely, and enhanced vaccination strategies should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1677246680000},"page":"497-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Hepatitis A occurrence and outbreaks in Europe over the past two decades: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Anar","family":"Andani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK  Wavre Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Bunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pallas Health Research and Consultancy  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kassianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of General Practitioners  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Eeuwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pallas Health Research and Consultancy  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassiani","family":"Mellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization  Maroussi Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Van\u00a0Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyali","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK  Wavre Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health University of Texas  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"WHO immunological basis for immunization series: module 18: hepatitis A","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Widespread person\u2010to\u2010person outbreaks of hepatitis A across the United States.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis\/outbreaks\/2017March\u2010HepatitisA.htm[Accessed October 29 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6818a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31646\/gbio.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Germs that can contaminate tap water \u2013 Hepatitis A.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/drinking\/private\/wells\/disease\/hepatitis_a.html[Accessed January 10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0332-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.48.17-00742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000345"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"A family cluster of hepatitis A virus due to an uncommon IA strain circulating in Campania (southern Italy), not associated with raw shellfish or berries: a wake\u2010up call to implement vaccination against hepatitis A?","volume":"24","author":"Tosone G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200308000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2001.0712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13125363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"El Mundo.Detectan m\u00e1s de 30 afectados por un brote de hepatitis A en un restaurante de Palma [Hepatitis A \u2013 Spain: (PM) restaurant].2018ProMED.https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/baleares\/2018\/01\/24\/5a6895d3e5fdeac70f8b4675.html[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2825-2828.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880700951X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.22.18885-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Epid\u00e9mie d'h\u00e9patite A li\u00e9e \u00e0 la contamination des denr\u00e9es d'une boulangerie\u2010p\u00e2tisserie, H\u00e9rault, 2014 [Hepatitis A outbreak linked to the contamination of products from a bakery, Herault (France), 2014]","volume":"21","author":"Boudinot LH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-019-09375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.06.20083-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"BBC.Lanarkshire hepatitis A outbreak total rises to 61 [Hepatitis A \u2010 UK (03): (Scotland) bakery].2017ProMED.https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk\u2010scotland\u2010glasgow\u2010west\u201039983062[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"BBC.Hepatitis A outbreak linked to Ripon school canteen food [Hepatitis A \u2010 UK: (England) school].2019ProMED.https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk\u2010england\u2010york\u2010north\u2010yorkshire\u201048772320[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Food Safety News (FSN).Investigations ongoing in Hepatitis A outbreak linked to dates [Hepatitis A \u2010 UK (02): imported dates alert additional recall].2021ProMED.https:\/\/www.foodsafetynews.com\/2021\/05\/investigations\u2010ongoing\u2010in\u2010hepatitis\u2010a\u2010outbreak\u2010linked\u2010to\u2010dates\/[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.29.21192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017972820699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1695-4033(04)78255-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/684908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13099561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2018.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/S1135-57272020000100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1347242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.09.19808-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.33.1700641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"\u00c9pid\u00e9mie d'h\u00e9patite A parmi des hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes, Rouen, d\u00e9cembre 2016\u2013avril 2017 [outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men, Rouen (France), December 2016 \u2010 April 2017]","volume":"18","author":"Le Bourhis\u2010Zaimi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09499-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13631-017-0158-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185428"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Hepatitis A outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brescia (northern Italy), July 2016\u2010July 2017","volume":"26","author":"Comelli A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Outbreak of acute hepatitis A in the health area served by the hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (HUVV): a change in epidemiology","volume":"110","author":"Garc\u00eda Ferreira AJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.11.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2019.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2019.100014"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Hepatitis A epidemic in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Milan, Italy","volume":"91","author":"Aulicino G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","unstructured":"MartinelliD CappelliMG Del MattoG et al.Rapid risk assessment \u2013 Casi di epatite a tra men who have sex with men in Puglia Gennaio \u2013 Febbraio.2017https:\/\/www.sanita.puglia.it\/documents\/36126\/34629901\/Rapid+Risk+Assesment+\u2010+Casi+di+Epatite+A+fra+MSM\/f6a5eb62\u2010443f\u20104d9d\u201083cd\u2010ada6132bc8d6[Accessed June 28 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13606"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Sexual behaviour and poor hygiene are related to recent hepatitis A virus community outbreaks","volume":"112","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Bustabad A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.06.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Hepatitis A in men having sex with men (MSMs) in northern Italy","volume":"18","author":"Pini A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.50.20992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","unstructured":"El Correo Digital.Un brote de hepatitis A en Bermeo afecta a cinco ni\u00f1os y un adulto desde septiembre [Hepatitis A \u2010 Spain: (PV) children]. 2012. ProMED.https:\/\/www.elcorreo.com\/vizcaya\/v\/20121123\/vizcaya\/brote\u2010hepatitis\u2010bermeo\u2010afecta\u201020121123.html[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053395"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Hepatitis A outbreak affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Italy","volume":"42","author":"Mauro MV","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Outbreak of severe hepatitis A in eastern Piedmont","volume":"25","author":"Rossati A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Italy Infez Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Hepatitis A outbreak associated with a food handler in Bizkaia, 2017","volume":"37","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.37.1900670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.03.19096-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.03.19094-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.37.19662-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).Rapid Risk Assessment \u2013 Outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in travellers returning from Egypt 30 April 2013.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/RRA\u2010Outbreak\u2010hepatitis\u2010A\u2010virus\u2010infection\u2010travellers\u2010returning\u2010from\u2010Egypt.pdf[Accessed June 24 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dix premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de surveillance de l'h\u00e9patite A par la d\u00e9claration obligatoire, France, 2006\u20102015 [Ten first years of hepatitis A surveillance through mandatory notification, France, 2006\u20102015]","volume":"5","author":"Couturier E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France.H\u00e9patite A en France. Donn\u00e9es \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques 2019.https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/maladies\u2010et\u2010traumatismes\/hepatites\u2010virales\/hepatite\u2010a\/articles\/hepatite\u2010a\u2010en\u2010france.\u2010donnees\u2010epidemiologiques\u20102019[Accessed June 28 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten f\u00fcr 2001.Robert Koch\u2010Institute Berlin 2002https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/Jahrbuch\/Jahrbuch_2001.pdf?__blob=publicationFile[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Epidemiologisches Bulletin Nr 50 \u2010 Hepatitis A.Robert Koch\u2010Institute Berlin 2020https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/EpidBull\/Archiv\/2020\/Ausgaben\/50_20.pdf?__blob=publicationFile[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus infections and outbreaks in asylum seekers arriving to Germany, September 2015 to march 2016","volume":"6","author":"Michaelis K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-271"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Quadro epidemiologico dell'epatite virale di tipo A in Campania: prospettive di prevenzione e di controllo dell'infezione a livello locale [Epidemiologic situation of viral hepatitis type A in Campania: perspectives of prevention and control of infections at the local level]","volume":"24","author":"Triassi M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Ig"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0.Epidemiologia Delle Epatiti Virali Acute in Italia. Epatite A. Rome 2017.https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/epatite\/bollettino\/Bollettino\u2010n.1\u20102017.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0.Epidemiologia Delle Epatiti Virali Acute in Italia. Epatite A \u2010 Numero 4 \u2010 Aggiornamento 2018. Rome2019https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/epatite\/bollettino\/Bollettino\u20104\u2010marzo\u20102019.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0.Epidemiologia Delle Epatiti Virali Acute in Italia. Epatite A \u2010 Numero 6 \u2010 Aggiornamento 2019. Rome2020https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/epatite\/bollettino\/Bollettino\u2010n\u20106\u2010marzo\u20102020.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.Resultados de la vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe Anual 2012. Madrid2014https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_INFORME_ANUAL_2012.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.Resultados de la vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe Anual 2013. Madrid2015https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_INFORME_ANUAL_2013.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.Resultados de la Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual. A\u00f1os 2017\u20132018. Madrid2020https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_Informe_anual__2017\u20102018.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Resultados de la Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual 2014. Madrid2016https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_INFORME_ANUAL_2014.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Resultados de la Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual 2015. Madrid2017https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_INFORME_ANUAL_2015.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda.CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Resultados de la Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual 2016. Madrid2018https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES%20RENAVE\/RENAVE_INFORME_ANUAL_2016.pdf[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.35861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.7.0.14598"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-5705(02)70250-1"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Hepatitis A. Una enfermedad transmisible de nuevo en crecimiento en la ciudad de Valencia","volume":"18","author":"Steinbauer CG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn epidemiol\u00f3gico Semanal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"A new pattern in hepatitis A virus infection in an urban population","volume":"112","author":"Mart\u00ednez Lozano H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","article-title":"Cambios en el patr\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gico de la Hepatitis A en Andaluc\u00eda: 2007\u20102017 [Changes in Hepatitis A epidemiological pattern in Andaluc\u00eda: 2007\u20102017]","volume":"92","author":"Lorenzo Ortega R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Esp Salud Publica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","unstructured":"MartinAIC BalogunK Hepatitis A \u2010 PHE Guidance Review Working Group MandalS.Description of Hepatitis A outbreaks and subsequent public health actions in England 2011\u20132015. Presented at: European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE)2016Stockholm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Laboratory reports of hepatitis A infections in England and Wales.2019https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/982962\/hpr0715_HAV19_v2.pdf[Accessed January 10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.22.1700583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.7.17-00237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-004-0467-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000095157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-018-9344-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2005.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-18-569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-019-09401-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WATE.0000049176.30748.0b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).Disease data from ECDC Surveillance Atlas \u2013 hepatitis A. Stockholm.2021https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/hepatitis\u2010a\/surveillance\/atlas[Accessed April 24 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32833bce39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 40 \u2010 Hepatitis A 2006. Copenhagen 2007.https:\/\/en.ssi.dk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2007\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102007\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201040.pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023].","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-8690(07)70739-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 38 \u2010 Hepatitis A 2005. Copenhagen 2006.https:\/\/enssidk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2006\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102006\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201038pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 38 \u2010 Hepatitis A 2004. Copenhagen 2005.https:\/\/enssidk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2005\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102005\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201038pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 38 \u2013 Hepatitis A 2003. Copenhagen 2004.https:\/\/enssidk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2004\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102004\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201038pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 36 \u2010 Hepatitis A 2002. Copenhagen 2003.https:\/\/enssidk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2003\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102003\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201036pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut.Epi\u2010News No. 40 \u2010 Hepatitis A 2001. Copenhagen 2002.https:\/\/en.ssi.dk\/\u2010\/media\/arkiv\/uk\/news\/epi\u2010news\/2002\/pdf\/epi\u2010news\u2010\u2010\u20102002\u2010\u2010\u2010no\u201040.pdf?la=en[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch.https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/Jahrbuch\/jahrbuch_node.html;jsessionid=0B19F62E87637A4FF20144439F779A45.internet122[Accessed June 29 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0.Epidemiology \u2013 SEIEVA data.https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/en\/hepatitis\/data\u2010seieva[Accessed June 28 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","unstructured":"Smittskyddsinstitutet.Epidemiologisk \u00e5rsrapport 2005. Solna 2006.https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/publicerat\u2010material\/publikationsarkiv\/e\/epidemiologisk\u2010arsrapport\u20102005\/[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"\u00dcbertragbare Krankheiten: Hepatitis A in der Schweiz: aktuelle Meldezahlen","volume":"23","author":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit","year":"2018","journal-title":"BAG\u2010Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency.Hepatitis in England and Wales: Annual Reports for 2009 Health Protection Report2010;4(34).https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/ukgwa\/20140714090234\/http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/hpr\/archives\/2010\/news.htm#34[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","unstructured":"Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases.Epidemiological Data for Hepatitis A in Greece 2004\u20132019. (Mandatory notification system).2020https:\/\/eody.gov.gr\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Epidemiological\u2010data\u2010for\u2010hepatitis\u2010A\u2010Greece\u20102004\u20102019.pdf[Accessed June 29 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu.Hepatitis A \u2013 Atlasinfectieziekten.https:\/\/www.atlasinfectieziekten.nl\/hepa[Accessed June 29 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","volume-title":"Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten f\u00fcr 2005","author":"Robert Koch Institute","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten f\u00fcr 2006.Robert Koch\u2010Institute Berlin 2007https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/Jahrbuch\/Jahrbuch_2006.pdf?__blob=publicationFile[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten f\u00fcr 2011. Berlin2012https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/Jahrbuch\/Jahrbuch_2011.pdf?__blob=publicationFile[Accessed February 14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00157-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Hepatitis A fact sheet.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/hepatitis\u2010a[Accessed January 10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).Hepatitis A virus in the EU\/EEA 1975\u20132014. A systematic review of seroprevalence and incidence comprising European surveillance data and national vaccination recommendations.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/hepatitis\u2010a\u2010virus\u2010EU\u2010EEA\u20101975\u20102014.pdf[Accessed June 24 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Global Health Observatory data repository. Hepatitis B (HepB3) immunization coverage estimates by country.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gho\/data\/node.main.A828?lang=en[Accessed January 10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","unstructured":"MathieuE RitchieH Rod\u00e9s\u2010GuiraoL et al.Our World in Data: Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID\u201019).https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/coronavirus[Accessed January 10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Evidence to Recommendations Framework: Should all HepB\u2010unvaccinated adults receive hepatitis B vaccination?https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/acip\/meetings\/downloads\/slides\u20102021\u201009\u201029\/03\u2010hepb\u2010Doshani\u2010508.pdf[Accessed January 10 2022]."}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13821","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.13821","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T22:15:54Z","timestamp":1692483354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.13821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13821","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}