{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:39:16Z","timestamp":1783651156678,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research suggests a possible link between chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the development of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and secondary Parkinsonism (PKM). We investigated the impact of antiviral treatment status (untreated, interferon [IFN] treated, direct\u2010acting antiviral [DAA] treated) and outcome (treatment failure [TF] or sustained virological response [SVR]) on risk of PD\/PKM among patients with HCV. Using data from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS), we applied a discrete time\u2010to\u2010event approach with PD\/PKM as the outcome. We performed univariate followed by a multivariable modelling that used time\u2010varying covariates, propensity scores to adjust for potential treatment selection bias and death as a competing risk. Among 17,199 confirmed HCV patients, we observed 54 incident cases of PD\/PKM during a mean follow\u2010up period of 17\u2009years; 3753 patients died during follow\u2010up. There was no significant association between treatment status\/outcome and risk of PD\/PKM. Type 2 diabetes tripled risk (hazard ratio [HR] 3.05; 95% CI 1.75\u20135.32; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.0001) and presence of cirrhosis doubled risk of PD\/PKM (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.31\u20133.47). BMI &gt;30 was associated with roughly 50% lower risk of PD\/PKM than BMI &lt;25 (HR 0.43; 0.22\u20130.84; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.0138). After adjustment for treatment selection bias, we did not observe a significant association between HCV patients' antiviral treatment status\/outcome on risk of PD\/PKM. Several clinical risk factors\u2014diabetes, cirrhosis and BMI\u2014were associated with PD\/PKM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1678076947000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of hepatitis C treatment status on risk of Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism in the era of direct\u2010acting antivirals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ranya","family":"Selim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart C.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan United States"},{"name":"School of Medicine Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueren","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging &amp; Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging &amp; Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihe G.","family":"Daida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii  Honolulu Hawaii United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Boscarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Consulting Group LLC  Mahway New Jersey United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Northwest  Portland Oregon United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheri","family":"Trudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging &amp; Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loralee B.","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Health Systems Research Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto C.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan United States"},{"name":"School of Medicine Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01890-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05270-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TutzG SchmidM.Modeling Discrete Time\u2010To\u2010Event Data.2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000489939.73359.c3"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease: shared pathophysiological links and possible therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Hassan A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212725"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/S415"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13826","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.13826","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13826","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T22:14:43Z","timestamp":1692483283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.13826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13826","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}