{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:36:39Z","timestamp":1782822999557,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies did not provide substantial evidence for long\u2010term immune persistence after the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in preterm birth (PTB) children. Consequently, there is ongoing controversy surrounding the booster immunization strategy for these children. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the disparities in immune persistence between PTB children and full\u2010term children. A total of 1027 participants were enrolled in this study, including 505 PTB children in the exposure group and 522 full\u2010term children in the control group. The negative rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in the PTB group was significantly lower than that in the control group (47.9% vs. 41.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.035). The risk of HBsAb\u2010negative in the exposure group was 1.5 times higher than that in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1\u20132.0). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of HBsAb was much lower for participants in the exposure group compared to participants in the control group (9.3 vs. 12.4\u2009mIU\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.029). Subgroup analysis showed that the very preterm infants (gestational age &lt;32\u2009weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight &lt;2000\u2009g) had relatively low GMC levels of 3.2\u2009mIU\/mL (95% CI: 0.9\u201311.1) and 7.9\u2009mIU\/mL (95% CI: 4.2\u201314.8), respectively. Our findings demonstrated that PTB had a significant impact on the long\u2010term persistence of HBsAb after HepB vaccination. The very preterm infants (gestational age &lt;32\u2009weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight &lt;2000\u2009g) may be special populations that should be given priority for HepB booster vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T12:08:21Z","timestamp":1705579701000},"page":"143-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Persistence of antibodies 5\u2009years after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm birth children: A retrospective cohort study using real\u2010world data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-4425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui 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