{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:23:35Z","timestamp":1792023815109,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019349","name":"Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health concern, and the clearance of HBV is closely linked to the activity of HBV\u2010specific T cells, which is regulated by various co\u2010suppressor molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2010associated antigen 4 (CTLA\u20104) is among these co\u2010suppressor molecules which induces T cell exhaustion by competitively inhibiting CD28 and dampening the function of HBV\u2010specific T cells. CTLA\u20104 also plays a role in the regulation of T helper (Th) cell differentiation and influences cytokine release. In addition, CTLA\u20104 can impact glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma through its interaction with T regulatory (Treg) cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature related to the role of CTLA\u20104 in HBV patients across different subsets of T cells. Additionally, we propose a discussion on the possible mechanisms through which CTLA\u20104 may contribute to HBV infection, as well as the development of HBV\u2010induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T15:11:00Z","timestamp":1716304260000},"page":"557-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Current research insights into the role of <scp>CTLA<\/scp>\u20104 in hepatitis B virus (<scp>HBV<\/scp>) infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengxia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajuan","family":"Rui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases Nanjing University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Hepatitis B.Hepatitis B.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.721975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504273102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00549-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-002-0429-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:28:3:241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2023.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.21.9543-9553.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.20.14400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09633-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01289-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00537-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00210-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61931-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba0759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.950536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03326-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/hep-2020-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.128116.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13958","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1724280623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.13958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13958","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}