{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:52:15Z","timestamp":1782906735802,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017035","name":"Center for AIDS Research, Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>People who inject drugs (PWID) account for some of the fastest\u2010growing HCV epidemics globally. While individual risk factors for infection are understood, less is known about network and spatial factors critical for elimination strategies. Two thousand five hundred twelve PWID in New Delhi, India, were recruited (2017\u201319) through network referrals. Biometrics identified duplicates and cross\u2010network linkages. Participants completed semi\u2010annual surveys and blood tests for HCV antibodies and RNA. Poisson regression and network analyses identified predictors of incident HCV and compared network\u2010based intervention approaches. Baseline HCV antibody prevalence was 65.1%, of whom 79.6% were HCV RNA\u2010positive. We observed 92 HCV seroconversions over 382.25 person\u2010years (incidence: 24.1 per 100 person\u2010years). Of the 92 seroconverters, 67% (62) were directly connected to an RNA\u2010positive participant, and all were within one degree of separation from an RNA\u2010positive participant. Individual\u2010level factors associated with seroconversion included age, sexual activity, and injection behaviours. After adjusting for individual\u2010level factors, seroconversion was significantly associated with number of RNA\u2010positive partners (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR]\u2009=\u20091.30) and injecting at a particular venue (AIRR\u2009=\u20092.53). This association extended to indirect ties, with 17% reduced odds of seroconversion for each degree of separation from the venue (AIRR\u2009=\u20090.83). Network analyses comparing intervention strategies found that targeting venues identified more cases compared to a treat\u2010a\u2010friend approach. We observed a fast\u2010growing HCV epidemic driven by viremia within individuals' immediate networks and indirect social and spatial ties, demonstrating the importance of achieving broad, sustained virologic response and rethinking network\u2010based interventions to include venues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T08:49:06Z","timestamp":1717490946000},"page":"535-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>Network\u2010based<\/scp>strategies to combat<scp>HCV<\/scp>: Examining social and spatial drivers of transmission among<scp>PWID<\/scp>in New Delhi"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Clipman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobha","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE) Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylur K.","family":"Srikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE) Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie J. C.","family":"Zook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muniratnam Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE) Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl A.","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil S.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016\u20102021.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00472-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63990-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30264-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO recommends social network\u2010based HIV testing approaches for key populations as part of partner services package: Policy brief.2019.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO\u2010CDS\u2010HIV\u201019.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Magnitude of Substance Use in India","author":"Ambekar A","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-019-00553-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.09.022"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ669","article-title":"HIV care continuum among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India: barriers to successful engagement","volume":"61","author":"Mehta SH","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109874"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T02:02:00Z","timestamp":1732154520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.13960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13960","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}