{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1789656092644,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["144160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["144160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020955","name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010existing chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can exert complex effects on hepatic metabolism, requiring mechanistic study. CHB participants were assessed for MASLD and the impact of hepatic steatosis\/metabolic syndrome (MetS) on novel viral and immunological markers. In this prospective, cohort study, untreated CHB subjects were assessed for liver disease by non\u2010invasive tests (i.e. FibroScan, controlled attenuation parameter, CAP). Subjects were tested for cytokines and IFN\u2010\u03b3 ELISPOT assay to HBV Surface (S) and Core (C) proteins. Standard HBV serological, exploratory biomarkers and deep sequencing of HBV S and C genes were performed. In 53 subjects (median age 45\u2009years [SD\u2009=\u200910.6], 35% F, 56% Asian, 20% Black, 3% White), 94% (50) HBeAg negative, 63% genotype B\/C, mean HBV DNA 3.2 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> IU\/mL (SD\u2009=\u20091.8), quantitative HBsAg 2.9 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> IU\/mL (SD\u2009=\u20091.2) and HBV pgRNA 2.1 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> copies\/mL (SD\u2009=\u20091.3). In enrolled subjects, the mean ALT was 41.9\u2009U\/L (SD\u2009=\u200924.0), FibroScan was 5.7\u2009kPa (SD\u2009=\u20091.9) and CAP was 306.4\u2009dB\/m (SD\u2009=\u200949.0). The mean BMI was 28.2\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (SD\u2009=\u20094.2), 20% (11\/53) had diabetes, 35% (19\/53) dyslipidaemia and 24% (13\/53) hypertension. Subjects with MetS and steatosis showed lower HBV markers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), higher HBV S diversity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and greater frequency of HBV variants associated with host\u2010anti\u2010viral immune escape. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels and HBV\u2010specific cellular responses were higher in participants with hepatic steatosis. In CHB, MASLD\/hepatic steatosis was associated with HBV variants and systemic immune responses potentially impacting liver disease progression despite low\u2010level viraemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T11:53:00Z","timestamp":1723031580000},"page":"582-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of HBV variants and novel viral and immune biomarkers in chronic hepatitis B patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8005-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishi H.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Lucko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Doucette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alnoor","family":"Ramji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sycuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trushar R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge  Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Chadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitreyi","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"van Marle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Osiowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1472-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla S.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30342-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"WHO.Hepatitis B: World Health Organization fact sheet. 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