{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:16:51Z","timestamp":1789579011412,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) was reassessed in different HBsAg\u2010positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion\u2010transmitted (TT)\u2010HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID\u2010NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV\u2010DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg\u2010positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV\u2010DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp\u2010up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg\u2010positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> in HBsAg\u2010positive plasma were 3\u20136 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10\u2010100\u2010fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1:10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> but in HBsAg\u2010positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1:10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup> when viral load was below 100 HBV\u2010DNA copies\/mL. Modelled TT\u2010HBV risk of an HBsAg\u2010positive\/ID\u2010NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 5.5%\u201327% for components containing 20\u2013200\u2009mL of plasma when assuming an ID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. It cannot be ensured that discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID\u2010NAT alone is safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T08:24:10Z","timestamp":1723278250000},"page":"700-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen\u2010Positive Plasma With Undetectable <scp>HBV<\/scp>\u2010<scp>DNA<\/scp>: Can <scp>HBsAg<\/scp> Screening Be Discontinued in Egyptian Blood Donors?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Magdy","family":"El\u00a0Ekiaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shabrawishi Hospital  Dokki Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"van Drimmelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologicals Quality Control  Heiloo The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Allain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Lelie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lelie Research  Alkmaar The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.1.68-73.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Standardized Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: Determination of Its Serum Concentration in Weight Units per Volume","volume":"30","author":"Gerlich W. 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