{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:31:03Z","timestamp":1790775063242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this report is to provide clarification on the interaction among hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to July 18, 2023. The inclusion criteria involved observational studies that examined the relationship between HBV, HCV, alcohol use and the development of HCC. To assess between\u2010study heterogeneity, the\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    statistics were employed. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Egger tests. The effect sizes were estimated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) utilising a random\u2010effects model. Among the initial pool of 31,021 studies identified, 28 studies involving 42,406 participants met the inclusion criteria. Through our meta\u2010analysis, we found that the combined effect of HBV and alcohol was associated with an OR of 14.56 (95% CI: 9.80, 21.65). The combined impact of HCV and alcohol showed an OR of 42.44 (95% CI: 20.11, 89.56). Coinfection with both HBV and HCV was associated with an OR of 32.58 (95% CI: 20.57, 51.60). These results emphasising the importance of reducing alcohol consumption and implementing effective viral hepatitis prevention and treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.14042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T01:59:26Z","timestamp":1735005566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interaction Between Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Alcohol in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jalal","family":"Poorolajal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"},{"name":"Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya","family":"Shadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Heshmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00240-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1209-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90760-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90400-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80198-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2003.03334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008951901148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<695::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.15943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80350-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i33.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3180381584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.9.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.12.1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1994.tb00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"G. A.Wells B.Shea D.O'Connell et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta\u2010Analyses \u201d(2000)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-4-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920415)69:8<2052::AID-CNCR2820690808>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70233-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"492","article-title":"Seroprievalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Markers in Patients With Primary Hepatocellular (Carcinoma in Singapore)","volume":"37","author":"Khin L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90387-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-020-01277-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80670-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Prevalence of HCV and HBV Infection in Patients With Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Shanxi Province","volume":"20","author":"Wang J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023636619477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"An Epidemiologic Study on the Aetiological Factors of Primary Liver Cancer in Shunde City of Guangdong Province","volume":"17","author":"Wang Z.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Etiologic Study on the Relationship Between HBV, HCV and HCC","volume":"15","author":"Ye B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","first-page":"5621","article-title":"Association Between Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan","volume":"51","author":"Yu M.\u2010W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"The Relationship Between Viral Hepatitis and Primary Liver Cancer in Four Areas of China","volume":"18","author":"Yu S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.4.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.23.10209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509101616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.2336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.913231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00413-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-017-0343-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02555.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00407-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01546.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.14042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T03:36:08Z","timestamp":1741750568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.14042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.14042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.14042","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14042"}}