{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:23:31Z","timestamp":1787077411422,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006418","name":"Brown University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a systematic review and meta\u2010analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3\u2010dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6\/1\/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or &lt;\u20095\u2009years of follow\u2010up were excluded. Of 2517 potential studies, we analysed 91 eligible studies (193,359 individuals from 208 cohorts [some studies provided data for more than one cohort]). Median age at vaccination was 0\u2009years (range: 0\u201320.00). After a median follow\u2010up of 10.15\u2009years (range: 5\u201335), 63.2% (95% CI: 59.3\u201367.0) retained HBV immunity. HBV immunity declined by 6.62% per follow\u2010up year (Ptrend &lt;\u20090.0001). In meta\u2010regression adjusting for vaccine type, follow\u2010up time and geographic location, age at vaccination was significantly associated with retaining HBV immunity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12 per year, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Anamnestic response rate (44 studies, 66 cohorts, 29,040 patients) was 90.34% (95% CI: 86.84\u201392.98), with highest rates in Europe and Asia, but only study setting (clinical versus community\u2010based: aOR 2.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) was an independent factor. HBV immunity prevalence was about 60% after 10\u2009years following childhood vaccination. Anamnestic response rate was about 90% and varied by study setting. Testing for immunity should be considered in individuals with high exposure risk and distant vaccination history with booster as needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T13:31:36Z","timestamp":1737379896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long\u2010Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Ramrakhiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Loma Linda School of Medicine  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee Hui","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California 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