{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1788226959582,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical condition with high short\u2010term mortality, in part due to the dysfunctional immune response. Identifying immune mechanism under ACLF is critical to understand its pathogenesis and to develop novel targeted therapeutics. Among the immune cells, how are B cells involved in ACLF remains largely unknown. We performed scRNA\u2010seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinical ACLF patients and healthy controls. Integrated analysis was performed to identify the role of B cells in ACLF. Subsequently, different subsets of B cells in ACLF were validated through flow cytometry based on their highlighted markers. Six B\u2010cell subgroups, including naive B cells, naive B2 cells, nonclass\u2010switched memory B cells, class\u2010switched memory B cells, autoimmune\u2010related B cells and plasma B cells were identified. The proportions of naive B cells significantly expand in ACLF, compared with healthy control. Function enrichment analysis revealed the activation of inflammatory response in naive B cells. Further flow cytometry confirmed the elevated circulating naive B cells in ACLF. Our study uncovered the altered immune landscape of circulating B cells after ACLF. The proportion dynamics and functional perturbation indicate the potential of naive B cells as intervention targets in the future ACLF therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T12:19:16Z","timestamp":1740053956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptome Identifies a Proinflammatory B\u2010Cell Subset in Hepatitis B Virus Associated Acute\u2010on\u2010Chronic Liver Failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanshen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University  Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University  Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobilary and Pancreatic Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University  Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1914900"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2022.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2019.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010023\u201004294\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072\u2010022\u201010386\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci121960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2021.101698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1041176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102017\u2010314641"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010019\u20100619\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102164\u201014\u2010632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159\u20108290.Cd\u201021\u20100316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201021246\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl220449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072\u2010022\u201010472\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003854107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.641362"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809028115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.907335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1133656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102023\u2010330584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102020\u2010323395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100221"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T04:42:23Z","timestamp":1740544943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70012"}}