{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:02:37Z","timestamp":1792839757250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hepatitis D virus (HDV) affects nearly 5% of people globally who are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, according to the World Health Organisation. The prevalence of HDV in the United States is considered lower than in other countries. However, HDV seroprevalence studies of the US population are limited, and reported seroprevalences vary. To improve diagnoses, universal HDV testing of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)\u2010positive specimens has been proposed. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HDV infection within the United States in HBsAg\u2010positive specimens. Unique deidentified remnant HBsAg\u2010positive specimens submitted for routine clinical testing to Quest Diagnostics, representing all 10 Health and Human Services (HHS) regions, were included. Reflex testing of HBsAg\u2010positive specimens for HDV antibody testing, and further testing of positive specimens for HDV RNA, was conducted from July 2023 to June 2024 for 5251 HBsAg\u2010positive specimens. The cohort was 45% female, with mean ages of 50.8 (M) and 49.4 (F) years. The seroprevalence of anti\u2010HDV was 2.2% [95% CI: 1.8%\u20132.6%; range: 2.5%\u20134.1%]. Of 107 anti\u2010HDV\u2010positive specimens, 28% were positive for HDV RNA (viral load range: 94\u20137,480,000\u2009IU\/mL:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923; Detected &lt;\u200940\u2009IU\/mL:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097). This is the first nationwide seroprevalence study examining HBsAg\u2010positive samples collected from 10 HHS regions across the United States, which offers an overview of the prevalence of HDV in the United States through the use of HBsAg\u2010positive remnant specimens in proportion to regional population sizes. Expanded screening for HDV would help identify patients who may benefit from HDV\u2010related interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T07:04:34Z","timestamp":1745910274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epidemiological Burden of Hepatitis Delta Virus in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Marlowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Inc  Secaucus New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke E.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Inc  Secaucus New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Realegeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Inc  Secaucus New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"William A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Inc  Secaucus New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis B Foundation  Doylestown Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron M.","family":"Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Inc  Secaucus New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Hepatitis D Virus: A Call to Screening","volume":"10","author":"Ahn J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2159379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.09.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2212151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1070420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Organization WH \u201cGuidelines for the Prevention Diagnosis Care and Treatment for People With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection \u201d (2024) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240090903."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Foundation HB \u201cHepatitis Delta Connection; 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