{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1792879185371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains a major global health burden, disproportionately affecting low\u2010resource regions. Despite direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) advancements, persistent liver complications and socioeconomic disparities hinder progress. This study aims to analyse CHC burden trends (1990\u20132021) across sociodemographic index (SDI), age, gender and geography using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data. Data on incidence, death, prevalence and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform, and countries were stratified by SDI. To analyse the trend in the disease burden of CHC, we utilised R software to compute the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Based on our investigation, we discovered that global incident cases rose 20.4% (3.7\u20134.5\u2009M), yet age\u2010standardised incidence rate (ASIR) declined annually by 0.55%. Globally, there has been a decreasing trend in the age\u2010standardised mortality rate, prevalence and DALYs associated with CHC. Furthermore, women have shown a more significant decrease in incidence and mortality compared to men. New cases in those over 70 increased significantly, driven by population growth, particularly in low\u2010SDI countries. These findings indicate that CHC burden remains concentrated in low\u2010SDI regions and ageing populations. Persistent gender and socioeconomic inequities demand equitable DAA access, ageing\u2010focused care and gender\u2010sensitive interventions to achieve elimination targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T08:29:01Z","timestamp":1751617741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Global, Regional and National Burden of Chronic Hepatitis C, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis for the\n                    <scp>GBD<\/scp>\n                    Study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4811-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuijun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maomao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3893-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9146-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology People's Hospital of Changsha County (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch)  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9684-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i32.11033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i22.2931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30209-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30181-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15839-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03867-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00759-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00386-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244575","article-title":"Prenatal Hepatitis C Screening, Diagnoses, and Follow\u2010Up Testing in British Columbia, 2008\u20132019","volume":"15","author":"Pearce M. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1989.11700672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i12.1117"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1764392517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70053"}}