{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T12:20:27Z","timestamp":1769257227030,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate estimates of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the United States (US) are necessary for policy makers and community\u2010based organisations to make informed decisions regarding the allocation of resources to work towards the elimination of HBV as a public health threat. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the current HBV prevalence in the US at the state, county, and territorial level. The secondary aim was to quantify which countries of birth lead HBV infections. Using previously validated and published population\u2010based country level Markov models, the prevalence of HBV among immigrants in the US by country of birth was estimated in 2021. These estimates were then applied to county level population estimates from the 2018\u20132022 American Community Survey. This resulted in new county, state, territorial (Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C.), and national level HBV prevalence estimates. The total number of HBV infections in the US was estimated to be 1.7 million (UI: 795,000\u20134.1 million) corresponding to a prevalence of 0.50% (UI: 0.24%\u20131.23%). The state with the highest prevalence was Hawai\u2018i, 1.3% (UI: 0.5%\u201340%), while Wyoming was estimated to have the lowest prevalence, 0.2% (UI: 0.1%\u20131.1%). The largest number of total infections was found in California, 347,100 (UI: 193,700\u2013729,200). The Aleutians West Census Area was the county with the highest prevalence, 2.9% (UI: 0.8%\u20139.7%), while Los Angeles County had the highest number of infections, 96,700 (UI: 54,800\u2013190,600). These data can aid planners at all levels to better understand the complexities of HBV in the US. Thus, providing evidence for targeted public health interventions that will reduce the burden of HBV and improve the lives of those living with the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T11:42:41Z","timestamp":1766144561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Current Burden of Hepatitis B in the United States: A State, Territorial, and County Modelling Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4135-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin","family":"Razavi\u2010Shearer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3843-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivane","family":"Gamkrelidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chari","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis B Foundation  Doylestown Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6306-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Gish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis B Foundation  Doylestown Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaddeus","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai\u2018i State Department of Health  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Razavi\u2010Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Remak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Hepatitis C Task Force  Petaluma California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Saboui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai\u2018i State Department of Health  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Voeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0940-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homie","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global Progress Report on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2021. Accountability for the Global Health Sector Strategies 2016\u20132021: Actions for Impact","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Combating Hepatitis B and C to Reach Elimination by 2030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Viral Hepatitis \u201cNational Strategic Plan for the United States: A Roadmap to Elimination (2021\u20132025) \u201d(2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(23)00197\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201096350\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.026"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Hospitalisation Related to Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Recent Immigrants in Canada: An Immigration Administrative Data\u2010Linked, Population\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Ng E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau \u201cPlace of Birth for the Foreign\u2010Born Population in the United States \u201dAmerican Community Survey ACS 5\u2010Year Estimates Detailed Tables Table\u00a0B05006 B05006PR https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/ACSDT5Y2022.B050062022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau \u201cSelected Social Characteristics \u201dAmerican Community Survey ACS 5\u2010Year Estimates Data Profiles Tables DP02 DP02PR https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/ACSDP5Y2022.DP022022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau \u201cSelected Characteristics of the Native and Foreign\u2010Born Populations \u201dAmerican Community Survey ACS 5\u2010Year Estimates Data Profiles ACSST5Y2022.S0501 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development RaASaUSCB \u201cAlaska Population by Race and Hispanic Origin and Borough\/Census Area \u201d(2021) https:\/\/live.laborstats.alaska.gov\/pop\/estimates\/data\/RaceHispAK.xls."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(87)91557\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23315024221102327"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:57:02Z","timestamp":1767013022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70122"}}