{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:17:48Z","timestamp":1770913068141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV)\u2013related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses significant health challenges globally, particularly in regions with considerable HBV prevalence such as Egypt. Despite immunisation programmes, HBV remains a leading cause of liver cancer in Egypt, often diagnosed at advanced stages, complicating management and worsening prognosis. This retrospective multicentre study included 365 Egyptian patients diagnosed with HBV\u2010related HCC between February 2007 and July 2023 from six tertiary care centres across Egypt. Clinical, laboratory, tumour characteristics, treatment outcomes and overall survival were collected and analysed. Diagnosis was confirmed according to international guidelines using triphasic CT or dynamic MRI. Treatment responses were assessed using modified RECIST criteria, and survival was analysed using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves. Patients had a median age of 59\u2009years, predominantly male (76.4%), and most (98.4%) presented with cirrhosis at diagnosis. The majority were not receiving antiviral treatment (76.71%) at presentation. Intermediate and advanced BCLC stages (B\u2010D) comprised over 75% of cases. Trans\u2010arterial chemoembolization was the primary treatment modality (34.5%), followed by sorafenib (24.1%) and best supportive care (28.8%). Median overall survival was 13.1\u2009months. Independent factors associated with mortality included high ALBI score, positive HBV DNA at diagnosis, and advanced Child\u2013Pugh classification. In conclusion: this study underscores the advanced stage at which HBV\u2010related HCC is typically diagnosed in Egypt and the resulting poor survival outcomes. Strengthening early detection through surveillance programmes, increasing antiviral therapy coverage and adherence to treatment protocols are critical strategies to enhance patient prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T08:20:57Z","timestamp":1767428457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and Survival of Egyptian Patients With Hepatitis B\u2013Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicentre Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Eman M. F.","family":"Barakat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kohla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Tawheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Helwan University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0928-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hend Ibrahim","family":"Shousha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehab F.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Assuit University  Assuit Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"National Medical Institute of Damnhour  Damnhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdy","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Helwan University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Rewisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf Omar","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Abd Elaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Omar","family":"Abdelmalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Assuit University  Assuit Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossam","family":"Dabees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of Damnhour  Damnhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"El Fouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Helwan University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Elkhateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mahmoud","family":"Nabeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Eltabbakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Radwan","family":"Riad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Assuit University  Assuit Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Nasif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of Damnhour  Damnhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermeen","family":"Abdeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Department Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Elhelbawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Elbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"School of Medicine Newgiza University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0393-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safaa Ragab","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Shoukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of Damnhour  Damnhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosra","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hosni","family":"Abdelmaksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Abd Alfattah","family":"Shamkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Kaddah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser Arafat","family":"Abdelrazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Lithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Sleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed bassam","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelaziz Ahmed","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nourhan Mohamed","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatoma Group, Tropical Medicine Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Shaker","family":"Ghazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed ElGharib","family":"AbouElmaaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Sobhi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3396-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"El\u2010Kassas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Helwan University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Hepatitis B \u2013 Annual Epidemiological Report 2022. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC 2022.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/AER%20HEPB%202022_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Hepatitis B in the WHO European Region \u201cWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO\/Europe) \u201d2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Vaccines and Cancer Prevention\/Screening Working Groups of the Italian Society of Hygiene","volume":"39","author":"De Flora S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiologia e Prevenzione"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i38.5759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-024-00362-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12916"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.9151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(64)80003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Modified RECIST (mRECIST) Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","author":"Lencioni R.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i2.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353105"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Mutation in the Precore Region of HBV in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients","volume":"9","author":"Kader O.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of American Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2021.1975081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066\u2010025\u201000404\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046\u2010020\u20100016\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(24)00040\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15071925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2024.1748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2024.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29086"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70127","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.70127","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:27:20Z","timestamp":1770910040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70127","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70127"}}