{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:06:04Z","timestamp":1775433964096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220866\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220866\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013589","name":"Research England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RE\u2010CL\u20102023\u201009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE\u2010CL\u20102023\u201009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Approximately 8.8 million people are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Pakistan. We assessed factors related to health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) among the general population screened for HCV and calculated the national burden in quality\u2010adjusted life years (QALYs). A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in community and clinic\u2010based settings in Karachi and Gujranwala. HRQoL was assessed before diagnosis using EQ\u20105D\u20103L (Pakistan value set). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to address socio\u2010economic differences between HCV RNA\u2010positive (viraemic) and HCV\u2010antibody\u2010negative participants. We assessed socio\u2010demographic and HCV\u2010related predictors of HRQoL (Tobit regression) and problems by EQ\u20105D domain (logistic regression). The HCV transmission model was used to estimate the burden of HCV in terms of morbidity\u2010 and mortality\u2010related QALY loss in 2024. After PSM, 778 individuals remained in each group from a total of 5468 participants. HCV\u2010positive participants had lower HRQoL (EQ\u20105D\u20103L score,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher odds of problems in all five EQ\u20105D dimensions. Lower HRQoL was associated with older age and unemployment, while married or Urdu\u2010speaking participants had higher HRQoL. There was little evidence that cirrhosis was associated with HRQoL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.140) among HCV\u2010positive participants. The total estimated QALY loss due to HCV in Pakistan in 2024 was 804,580 QALYs, of which 55% was due to mortality. HCV infection is associated with reduced HRQoL and substantial QALY losses in Pakistan. Our findings emphasise the role of socio\u2010demographic variables on HRQoL. Further research in Pakistan is needed to determine if HCV treatment can mitigate these effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:12:51Z","timestamp":1773000771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Hepatitis C and Socio\u2010Demographic Variables on Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Pakistan: Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwaporn","family":"Niyomsri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School Population Health Sciences  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron G.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School Population Health Sciences  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors Plaza  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS)  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auj","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Clinic  Gujranwala Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naheed","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliya","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polychronis","family":"Kemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School Population Health Sciences  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Clinic  Gujranwala Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed Sadiq","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Niaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS)  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors Plaza  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham R.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School Population Health Sciences  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josephine G.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School Population Health Sciences  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HepFreePak team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Global Hepatitis Report 2024: Action for Access in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income 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