{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:00:07Z","timestamp":1772982007125,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20SA0064190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20SA0064190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral hepatitis B infection is considered endemic in Greenland as in other Arctic areas. However, updated data are warranted after the implementation of screening, vaccination and treatment programmes during the past decades. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and disease characteristics of chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and delta (HDV) in Greenland. We performed a cross\u2010sectional nationwide study using data from the electronic medical records extracted from 2014 to 2023. We identified 299 patients with HBV (positive of HBsAg) and 45 patients with HCV (positive of HCV\u2010Ab and\/or HCV\u2010RNA), corresponding to an overall low prevalence of 0.53% (95%\u2013CI: 0.49%\u20130.57%) and 0.08% (95%\u2013CI: 0.06%\u20130.11%), respectively. The prevalence of HDV co\u2010infection (positive of HDV\u2010Ab and\/or HDV\u2010RNA) among patients with HBV was 9.4%, of whom 82% were HDV\u2010RNA positive, indicating ongoing infection. Most of these patients were middle\u2010aged and male. Additionally, the occurrence of HBV and HCV was higher among women compared to men in the age category 20\u201339\u2009years. The most recent liver biochemistry, including Fibrosis\u20104 (FIB4) score, was within reference values among HBV\u2010positive patients, while alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were slightly elevated among HCV\u2010positive patients. A FIB4 score above 1.3 was observed in 28 (9%) with HBV, 2 (7%) of HBV\u2010HDV positive patients, and 16 (36%) with HCV. The prevalence of HBV infection through routine testing in the healthcare system was markedly lower than prevalences reported in previous population screening studies. Yet, HDV co\u2010infection is common and warrants increased awareness. HCV is rare, but more of these patients have elevated liver enzymes and FIB4 scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:10:57Z","timestamp":1769836257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta in Greenland: A National Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6321-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina N\u00f8rskov","family":"Naustdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Ingrid's Hospital Center of Primary Health Care  Nuuk Greenland"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Greenland  Nuuk Greenland"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Zealand University Hospital  K\u00f8ge Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerda Elisabeth","family":"Villadsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten Fleischer","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Queen Ingrid's Hospital  Nuuk Greenland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik Bygum","family":"Krarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Lynge","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Greenland  Nuuk Greenland"},{"name":"Greenland Center for Health Research, Institute of Health and Nature University of Greenland  Nuuk Greenland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus Hvidbjerg","family":"Gantzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Greenland  Nuuk Greenland"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Regional Hospital G\u00f8dstrup  Herning Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9112-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i9.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v63i0.17784"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Viral Hepatitis in the Arctic. A Review From a Circumpolar Workshop on Viral Hepatitis, ICCH13","volume":"49","author":"Tulisov A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alaska Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1997.00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701712198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Hepatitis Among Greenlanders in Denmark and in Greenland, and the Outcome of Chronic HBV\u2010Infection in Greenland [Thesis]","author":"Rex K. 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