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Moreover, no epidemiological studies have been conducted to comprehensively investigate this association in China. Hence, we performed a nationwide prospective cohort study to address these issues. Our study included 477,126 adults without a history of CVD. Participants were recruited from 10 diverse areas in China during 2004\u20132008, and followed up through December 31, 2016. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD incidence was calculated using Cox regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the potential effect modifiers. During a mean follow\u2010up of 9.94\u2009years, 32,841 ischemic heart disease events, 35,532 ischemic strokes, 5538 intracerebral haemorrhages, 3165 acute myocardial infarction events, and 2939 heart failure events were observed. HBsAg\u2010positive participants had a lower risk of ischemic heart disease [HR: 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84, 0.98;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.011] but a higher risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.46;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.004) than HBsAg\u2010negative participants. These associations could not be modified by age, sex, study area, body mass index, regular alcohol intake, regular smoking, and physical activity level, and remained in a series of sensitivity analyses. No significant associations were found for ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure in the whole study population. In conclusion, HBV infection confers a decreased risk of ischemic heart disease but an increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage in this Chinese population. More studies are needed to clarify the corresponding mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T04:05:19Z","timestamp":1771819519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the China Kadoorie Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Chuan","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Medical Research Center for Child Health and Disease, the Key Laboratory of Child Development Disease Research, Chinese Ministry of Education Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Chao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  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