{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:12:45Z","timestamp":1791324765380,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major public health concern worldwide. Spain has implemented large\u2010scale direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) treatment programs, yet the prevalence of active HCV infection (aHCV) and its trends over time remain incompletely characterised. We applied Bayesian multiparameter evidence synthesis (MPES) to estimate the prevalence of aHCV in Spain in 2022 and its change from 2019 to 2022. The Spanish population aged 15\u201379\u2009years was stratified into four non\u2010overlapping risk groups: current people who inject drugs (PWID), ex\u2010PWID, gay\u2010bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) engaging in chemsex (GBMSMchem), and the general population. Data sources included, among others, national seroprevalence surveys, behavioural studies, national databases, and clinical records on DAA treatment outcomes. The estimated overall aHCV prevalence in Spain in 2022 was 0.14% (95% Credible Interval: 0.05%\u20130.27%), corresponding to approximately 54,500 individuals. Prevalence was highest among current PWID (12.5%) and GBMSMchem (8.4%). Compared to 2019, the total number of aHCV cases declined by ~20,000, largely attributable to DAA treatment. Among the general population, 29.4% of aHCV cases remained undiagnosed, with the highest prevalence in individuals aged 50\u201359 (0.25%) and 60\u201369 (0.16%) years. Spain has made substantial progress towards HCV elimination, but key populations such as PWID and GBMSMchem remain at high risk. Targeted interventions, including expanded harm reduction services and accessible HCV testing and treatment, are essential to achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination targets by 2030.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:12:10Z","timestamp":1772979130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of Active\n                    <scp>HCV<\/scp>\n                    Infection in Spain in 2022 Using Multiparameter Evidence Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Thomadakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Statistics Athens University of Economics and Business  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Gountas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Gountas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRAGSATEC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Brime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish National Plan on Drugs Ministry of Health  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Sendino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish National Plan on Drugs Ministry of Health  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Albillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, IRYCIS Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatology Diseases (CIBEREHD) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatology Diseases (CIBEREHD) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Vall D'Hebron Hospital Universitari  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatology Diseases (CIBEREHD) Institute of Health Carlos III  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Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"National Centre of Epidemiology Carlos III Health Institute  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Laguno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS University of Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabela","family":"Lens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatology Diseases (CIBEREHD) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS University of Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Diago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General University Hospital  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ. Autonomous University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Samaniego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatology Diseases (CIBEREHD) Institute of Health Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ. Autonomous University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Morano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital  Vigo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Subdirectorate of Pharmacy and Health Products Ministry of Health  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall D'Hebron Hospital Universitari  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Romero\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in 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