{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:03:09Z","timestamp":1785301389928,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN\u2010US\u2010988\u20106569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN\u2010US\u2010988\u20106569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in the untreated immune tolerant (U\u2010IT) vs. treated immune active (T\u2010IA) phases is not clear, and most data are in Asian populations. We aim to evaluate long\u2010term risks of cirrhosis, HCC, and overall mortality between U\u2010IT vs. T\u2010IA CHB patients among a national cohort of U.S. Veterans. We conducted a propensity score weighted analysis of Veterans with CHB who met criteria for U\u2010IT or T\u2010IA from 1\/1\/2010 to 12\/31\/2021 (with follow\u2010up through 12\/31\/2024). Incidence of cirrhosis, HCC, or death were compared between U\u2010IT and T\u2010IA groups. A total of 591\u2009U\u2010IT and 555\u2009T\u2010IA CHB patients were identified (mean age 56.4\u201357.5\u2009years, 45%\u201350% non\u2010Hispanic white, 37%\u201340% African American, 9%\u201310% Asian, 25%\u201329% concurrent diabetes, 35%\u201339% with FIB\u20104\u2009&gt;\u20093.25). Over a median follow up of 6.4\u2009years (IQR 3.0\u201310.4), incidence of HCC was significantly lower in U\u2010IT patients vs. T\u2010IA patients (0.28 vs. 0.54 per 100 person\u2010years; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32\u20130.83,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007). However, the risk of cirrhosis or all\u2010cause mortality was similar between both T\u2010IA and U\u2010IT CHB patients. Among a predominantly non\u2010Asian cohort of adults with CHB, we observed that HCC risk was lower in U\u2010IT patients compared to T\u2010IA patients. While this contrasts with some studies in Asian countries, these data do emphasize the importance of prioritizing and ensuring timely therapy for CHB patients in the IA phase. However, routine treatment in IT patients remains controversial and more data are needed to better understand long\u2010term outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:21:42Z","timestamp":1783405302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Between Untreated Immune Tolerant Vs. Treated Immune Active Chronic Hepatitis B Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6092-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Section Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Section Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsey","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Section Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (Version 2022)","volume":"11","author":"You H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Care and Treatment for People With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2025.102540"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1735"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.70204","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:41:56Z","timestamp":1785300116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70204"}}