{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:03:01Z","timestamp":1785301381301,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Low\u2010level residual viremia can be present in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients on nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs). Due to the detection limits of current HBV DNA assays, the association between residual viremia and HBV\u2010related HCC has not been well studied. This study included NUC\u2010treated HBV\u2010related HCC patients with unquantifiable serum HBV DNA by the conventional Cobas\u2010Taqman assay (&lt;\u200920\u2009IU\/mL) at HCC diagnosis. The HCC patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio with NUC\u2010treated non\u2010HCC controls. Serum samples at the time of HCC diagnosis, 1\u2009year before, and 2\u2009years before diagnosis were retrospectively retrieved and tested for residual viremia by a validated high\u2010sensitivity droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay (lower limit of detection 1.6\u2009IU\/mL). Among 208 patients (104 HCC vs. 104 controls; mean age 63.1, 80.8% male, 54.3% cirrhosis), residual viremia within 2\u2009years was observed in 82.7% of HCC patients and 49.0% of controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and was independently associated with HCC occurrence (OR 7.243, 95% CI 1.862\u201328.170,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). In HCC patients, residual viremia was associated with histological microvascular invasion (44.4% vs. 9.1% in patients without residual viremia,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033) and lower probability of presenting with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 HCC (OR 0.281, 95% CI 0.094\u20130.838,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023). After median follow\u2010up for 7.2\u2009years, residual viremia within 2\u2009years before HCC diagnosis was independently associated with liver\u2010related mortality (HR 4.472, 95% CI 1.212\u201316.504,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025). Residual viremia in NUC\u2010treated CHB patients is associated with a higher risk of HCC development, more advanced tumour staging and poorer outcomes. High\u2010sensitivity HBV DNA assays may be utilized for monitoring in NUC treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:02:12Z","timestamp":1784005332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Droplet Digital\n                    <scp>PCR<\/scp>\n                    Measurement of\n                    <scp>HBV DNA<\/scp>\n                    in On\u2010Treatment Chronic\n                    <scp>HBV<\/scp>\n                    Patients: Association With\n                    <scp>HCC<\/scp>\n                    Development and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rex Wan\u2010Hin","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny Ka\u2010Ho","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka\u2010Shing","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai\u2010Kay","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lung\u2010Yi","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man\u2010Fung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 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