{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:03:20Z","timestamp":1785301400280,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001202","name":"Gastroenterological Society of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often falls disproportionately on migrant populations within high\u2010income countries. Differences in health literacy, language, comorbidities, and HCV genotype may influence HCV natural history. 3537 persons including 652 migrants treated for HCV infection with direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) (2016\u20132021) were analysed. We describe the epidemiology of HCV in migrant people compared to Australian\u2010born individuals and examine rates of sustained viral response (SVR), advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and all\u2010cause mortality. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses examined differences by migrant status. At enrolment, Australian\u2010born patients were younger (mean 51.5 vs. 54.2\u2009years;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and more likely to report injection drug use (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011), risky alcohol use (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), or opioid replacement therapy (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among migrants, diabetes (13.9% vs. 10.3%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008), hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure (43.3% vs. 29.7%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), active HBV infection (3.1% vs. 1.6%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033), and genotypes 4, 5, and 6 (18.3% vs. 6.6%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was more common. Overall SVR rates were comparable (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.69), but SVR rates among migrants with cirrhosis were lower (88.2% vs. 95.2%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002). Advanced fibrosis (24.5%), cirrhosis (35.0%), and five\u2010year survival did not differ by migrant status (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In migrants, genotype 3 was associated with more advanced liver fibrosis (adj\u2010OR\u2009=\u20091.70, 95% CI 1.40\u20132.06) and cirrhosis (adj\u2010OR\u2009=\u20091.74, 95% CI 1.48\u20132.04;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), relative to Australian\u2010born patients. Genotypes 2, 4 and 6 HCV were not associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, migrants experienced equivalent SVR and rates of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and have equivalent or better survival compared to Australian\u2010born patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T04:53:31Z","timestamp":1784955211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differing Epidemiology of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Migrants and Australian\u2010Born Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belaynew W.","family":"Taye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia and Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Valery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6374-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone I.","family":"Strasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1677-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Weltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Services Nepean Hospital  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9882-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-8018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam T.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Liverpool Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Leggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany","family":"Zekry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St George Hospital St George and Sutherland Clinical School of Medicine, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7741-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. Julian","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gippsland Gastroenterology, Latrobe Regional Health  Traralgon Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0657-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin Hospital, Melbourne, and the University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Storr Liver Centre The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit Monash Health and Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"MacQuillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences University of Western Australia  Nedlands WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0643-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health and CIIDIR Deakin University  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8526-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Royal Perth Hospital Perth WA  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart K.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alfred Hospital and Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexandra and Mater Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0528-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01320-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016\u20102021. Towards Ending Viral Hepatitis","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Rural, Regional and Remote Health: A Guide to Remoteness Classifications","author":"Australian Institute of Health Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics \u201cSocio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) Australia \u201d(2021) https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/people\u2010and\u2010communities\/socio\u2010economic\u2010indexes\u2010areas\u2010seifa\u2010australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000064641.84967.B7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02416-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-022-07483-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1510939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09464-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13596535231189643"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.70211","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.70211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:43:48Z","timestamp":1785300228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.70211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.70211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.70211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70211"}}