{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:03:09Z","timestamp":1785301389915,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015550","name":"Ministry of Health, Uganda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission (MTCT) remains a major challenge in Uganda, where 43% of births occur at home, and access to timely birth dose (BD) vaccination is limited. We evaluated the impact of combining universal three\u2010dose (3D) infant vaccination, targeted BD vaccination, and maternal antiviral treatment for high viral load (HVL) mothers on HBV prevalence among infants. In a prospective 18\u2010month cohort study at five regional maternity hospitals, HIV\u2010negative pregnant women were screened for HBsAg. HBsAg\u2010positive mothers were stratified by HBV DNA into HVL (\u2265\u200920,000\u2009IU\/mL), low viral load (LVL), or LVL on treatment. HVL mothers received Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate plus Lamivudine in the third trimester. Infants of HBsAg\u2010positive mothers received BD vaccination within 24\u2009h and the 3D pentavalent series; infants of HBsAg\u2010negative mothers received the 3D series only. All infants were tested for HBsAg at nine months. Of 19,053 mothers screened, 3.46% were HBsAg\u2010positive (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009660). Among HVL mothers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200980), 96.3% initiated antivirals; none of their infants who received both BD and 3D tested HBsAg\u2010positive. Among LVL mothers not on treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009558), the prevalence of infection at nine months was 0.4% despite full vaccination. No infections occurred among LVL mothers on treatment or among infants of HBsAg\u2010negative mothers. Overall infant HBsAg prevalence was 0.19%, with an adjusted national estimate of 0.02%. Integrating maternal antiviral prophylaxis, targeted BD vaccination, and universal 3D vaccination achieved near\u2010elimination of HBV MTCT in this setting. Nationally scaling this strategy could enable Uganda to meet the WHO target of less than 0.1% infant HBV prevalence before 2030 and serve as a model for other high\u2010burden countries with significant rates of home births.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:49:44Z","timestamp":1785286184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevention of\n                    <scp>HBV<\/scp>\n                    Mother\u2010To\u2010Child Transmission (\n                    <scp>MTCT<\/scp>\n                    ) Using Targeted\n                    <scp>HBV<\/scp>\n                    Birth Dose, and Treatment of High Viral Load Pregnant Women in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2083-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6120-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ponsiano","family":"Ocama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Leavelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9442-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius","family":"Kiwanuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Makerere University College of Health Sciences  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lwanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere Lung Institute  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Nankya\u2010Mutyoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Makerere University College of Health Sciences  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin Q.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Namulindwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Central Public Health Laboratories  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7143-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viola","family":"Kasone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Central Public Health Laboratories  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Beyagira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homie","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis Foundation  Lafayette USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00197-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Hepatitis B","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001728"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Hepatitis B Infection Is Highly Endemic in Uganda: Findings From a National Serosurvey","volume":"9","author":"Bwogi J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Health 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Mali","volume":"102","author":"MacLean B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","volume-title":"Introduction of Hepatitis B Vaccine Into Childhood Immunization Services: Management Guidelines, Including Information for Health Workers and Parents","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-1366412"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"Annual Health Sector Performance Report 2007\u20132008","author":"Ministry of Health Republic of Uganda","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Introducing Hepatitis B Birth Dose Vaccination in Africa 2023Available from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/global\u2010immunization\/stories\/hepatitis\u2010b\u2010birth\u2010dose\u2010vaccination\u2010in\u2010africa.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","volume-title":"Uganda's Demographic and Health Survey 2022: Key Indicators Report","author":"Uganda Bureau of 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Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad452"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"5281","article-title":"Barriers to Timely Birth Dose Vaccination in Uganda: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study","volume":"40","author":"Lusiba J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","volume-title":"Controlled Temperature Chain (CTC): Strategic Roadmap for Priority Vaccines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30219-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30231-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.05.005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral 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