{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:29:48Z","timestamp":1792798188150,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Companion Animal Fund","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05hs6h993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Trinket Fund","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05hs6h993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>d-Penicillamine is the most commonly used copper-chelating agent in the treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in dogs. Response to therapy can be variable, and there is a lack of pharmacokinetic information available for dogs. Coadministering the drug with food to alleviate vomiting has been recommended for dogs, which contradicts recommendations for drug administration to humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coadministration of d-penicillamine with food decreases relative bioavailability and maximum plasma drug concentrations (Cmax) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine purpose-bred dogs with a median body weight of 17.0 kg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs received d-penicillamine (12.5 mg\/kg PO) fasted and with food in a randomized, crossover design. Blood samples were collected before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after dosing. Total d-penicillamine concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two fasted dogs (22%) vomited after receiving d-penicillamine. Mean Cmax \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) was 8.7 \u00b1 3.1 \u03bcg\/mL (fasted) and 1.9 \u00b1 1.6 \u03bcg\/mL (fed). Mean area under the plasma concentration curve \u00b1 SD was 16.9 \u00b1 5.9 \u03bcg\/mL\u00b7h (fasted) and 4.9 \u00b1 3.4 \u03bcg\/mL\u00b7h (fed). There were significant reductions in relative bioavailability and Cmax in fed dogs (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coadministration of d-penicillamine with food significantly decreases plasma drug concentrations in dogs. Decreased drug exposure could result in decreased copper chelation efficacy, prolonged therapy, additional cost, and greater disease morbidity. Administration of d-penicillamine with food cannot be categorically recommended without additional studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T16:01:35Z","timestamp":1374508895000},"page":"1071-1076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    -Penicillamine in Fasted and Nonfasted Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"D.K.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.F.","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, , 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