{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:49:15Z","timestamp":1770155355784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Angiography and fluoroscopy are the standard methods to guide transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The use of iodinated contrast agents and radiation exposure pose risks of animals and staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for device size selection and procedure monitoring for PDA occlusion with a duct occluder (DO) without the use of angiography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty client-owned dogs with left-to-right PDA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study. Dogs with left-to-right PDA undergoing transcatheter occlusion were included. Procedures were performed without angiography and device size selection was based on TEE measurements. Procedures were monitored with simultaneous TEE and fluoroscopy and both methods were compared. Visualization of the ductus and dimensions obtained by TEE and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complete PDA occlusion was achieved in 79\/80 cases. TEE was consistently superior to TTE for PDA visualization and the latter showed higher values for ductal dimensions when compared to the former. TEE provided adequate procedure monitoring in 73 cases (91%). Fluoroscopy exposure time (2.77 \u00b1 1.2 minutes (mean, SD)) was lower than previously reported for the same procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TEE is a useful and efficient tool for device size selection and can be used for procedure monitoring in most cases. Fluoroscopy exposure time can be reduced and the use of contrast agents can be avoided. However, fluoroscopy is required in a minority of cases when TEE monitoring is not feasible or incomplete and should be available for this procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T21:31:20Z","timestamp":1381527080000},"page":"1463-1470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Transesophageal Echocardiography Guided Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion with a Duct Occluder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso Department of Cardiology, , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Domenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Veterinario di Novara , Granozzo con Monticello,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mavropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso Department of Cardiology, , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Veterinary Specialists , Higham Gobion,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Facolt\u00e0 di Medicina Veterinaria, Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Milano , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bussadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso Department of Cardiology, , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2007.09.002","article-title":"The Amplatz canine duct occluder: A novel device for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion","volume":"9","author":"Nguyenba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.0009.x","article-title":"Minimally invasive per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs using a prototype duct occluder","volume":"22","author":"Nguyenba","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.04.004","article-title":"Transarterial ductal occlusion 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transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Influence on the decision-making process","volume":"24","author":"Saunders","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0007","first-page":"401","article-title":"Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus by the use of an Amplatz canine ductal occluder device","volume":"50","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70062-5","article-title":"Use of transesophageal echocardiography for visualization of the patent ductus arteriosus during transcatheter coil embolization","volume":"6","author":"Pariaut","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304311455800_jvim12201-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.05.032","article-title":"Transthoracic echocardiographic guidance of patent 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