{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:36:40Z","timestamp":1792705000777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008800","name":"Abbott Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower molecular weight and molar substitution formulations of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions might maximize cardiovascular function and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and minimize adverse effects on coagulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare effects of 1 low and 1 high molecular weight and molar substitution HES solution on cardiovascular variables, COP, and hemostasis in normal horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight healthy adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized, crossover designed study: 10 mL\/kg bolus of 6% HES (600\/0.75) (hetastarch) (HS), 6% HES (130\/0.4) tetrastarch (TS), and 0.9% NaCl (NS). Variables recorded included central venous pressure (CVP), noninvasive arterial blood pressure, packed cell volume (PCV), COP, and automated platelet analysis (CT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central venous pressure was increased for 8 hours after all treatment (baseline = 8.4 \u00b1 3.8; 8 hours = 10.3 \u00b1 3.5 cm H2O; P &amp;lt; .001). HS and TS produced an increase in systolic arterial pressure (HS = 109.1 \u00b1 11.9; TS = 109.5 \u00b1 10.9 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (HS = 80.4 \u00b1 13.0; TS = 82.3 \u00b1 10.1 mmHg) compared to NS (SAP = 103.2 \u00b1 13.2 [P = .023]; MAP = 74.2 \u00b1 11.4 mmHg [P = .048]). PCV decreased transiently with HS (baseline = 37.1 \u00b1 4.4%; 1.5 hours = 31.6 \u00b1 3.9%) and TS (baseline = 38.4 \u00b1 3.9%; 1.5 hours = 32.2 \u00b1 3.3%), but not NS (P = .007). COP was greater with HS (1 hour; 24.0 \u00b1 2.1 mmHg) and TS (8 hours; 25.9 \u00b1 2.1 mmHg) than NS (1 hour = 20.8 \u00b1 2.6; 8 hours = 22.9 \u00b1 3.1 mmHg; P &amp;lt; .001). CT was greater at 8 (HS = 178.6 \u00b1 36.9; TS = 121.9 \u00b1 33.3; NS = 108.3 \u00b1 23.6 seconds) and 24 hours (HS = 174.2 \u00b1 41.7; TS = 100.8 \u00b1 26.0; NS = 118.7 \u00b1 38.7 seconds; P &amp;lt; .001) in horses receiving HS than TS or NS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both TS and HS resulted in more effective volume expansion and arterial pressure support than NS. TS produced a more sustained effect on COP with shorter duration of adverse effects on platelet function than HS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T11:46:50Z","timestamp":1384343210000},"page":"223-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Cardiovascular, Colloid Osmotic Pressure, and Hemostatic Effects of 2 Formulations of Hydroxyethyl Starch in Healthy Horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"K.L.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Large Animal Medicine, , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Large Animal Medicine, , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Large Animal Medicine, , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.M.","family":"Brainard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Brainard), , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304344022500_jvim12245-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00138.x","article-title":"Assessment of changes inblood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration","volume":"15","author":"Silverstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026020304344022500_jvim12245-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01815.x","article-title":"Preoperative administration of hydroxyethyl starch or hypertonic saline to horses with colic","volume":"20","author":"Hallowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304344022500_jvim12245-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.05.541","article-title":"Oncotic, hemodilutional, and hemostatic effects of isotonic saline and hydroxyethyl starch solutions in clinically normal ponies","volume":"58","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304344022500_jvim12245-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1778-428X.2007.00070.x","article-title":"The starch family: Are they all equal? 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