{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:54:21Z","timestamp":1770155661853,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crystalline-matrix urethral plugs have not been previously reported in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the composition of urethral plugs in dogs, describe clinical features of the disease, and identify overrepresented breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series. A Minnesota Urolith Center (MUC) record search was performed for urethral plugs in dogs submitted during a 6-year period. The composition of the plugs and signalment of affected dogs were recorded. Breed risk analysis was performed using a control group without plugs from the Veterinary Medical Center, University of Minnesota (VMC UMN). Breed risk was also calculated for a group of dogs with struvite (plugs and uroliths). Medical records for the subset of plug cases from the VMC UMN were reviewed and described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2006 and 2011, 42 urethral plugs from dogs were submitted to the MUC. All came from male dogs, and the mineral component of the majority (83%) was struvite. Thirty (71%) samples were from Pugs. Pugs were overrepresented in plug submissions (OR 179; CI 88\u2013389; P &amp;lt; .001), and for struvite in general (OR 14.3; CI 7.9\u201324.4; P &amp;lt; .001). Nine of the dogs were treated at VMC UMN; all were castrated male Pugs. None of these cases had bacteriuria or positive urine cultures, and no underlying cause of plug formation was identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When evaluating dogs with urethral obstruction, plugs need to be considered, especially in male Pugs. Further investigation into the underlying cause of plug formation in dogs is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T13:32:26Z","timestamp":1392298346000},"page":"324-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Urethral Plugs in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A.T.","family":"Stiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.P.","family":"Lulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Urolith Center , St Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Furrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota , 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