{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:00:45Z","timestamp":1785538845268,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of epilepsy and its treatment on the quality of life (QoL) is considered an important part of treatment supervision in human epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a list of key questions evaluating QoL in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) and their carers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fifty-nine dogs with IE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. An online project questionnaire was developed containing 90 QoL-associated questions that were initially allocated to 14 themes representing specific areas associated with the treatment and care of an epileptic dog. Principal component analysis was applied with the aim of refining the questionnaire to the least number of questions representing useful themes without loss of descriptive value. Carers were recruited by paper mail, primary practices, and canine epilepsy websites. Data were acquired from January to November 2011.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Principal component analysis removed 54 questions, leaving 7 themes with 36 questions with a minimum Cronbach's alpha value of 0.7 indicating a good internal consistency: \u201cSeizure severity and frequency\u201d, \u201cAdverse effects of antiepileptic drug (AED)\u201d, \u201cRestrictions on the carer's life\u201d, \u201cFrustrations over caring for a dog with IE\u201d, \u201cCarer distaste of AED adverse effects\u201d, \u201cCarer anxiety around the seizure event\u201d, \u201cPerceptions on rectal diazepam use\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Principal component analysis successfully reduced the number of questions without loss in descriptive value. The remaining questions correlate well with each other in capturing valuable details about aspects of QoL and represent valuable key questions (EpiQoL) in the assessment of QoL for the carers of dogs with IE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T13:42:52Z","timestamp":1393249372000},"page":"510-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Evaluation of Quality of Life in Dogs with Idiopathic Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Wessmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, Pride Veterinary Centre , Derby,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College Department of Clinical Science and Service, , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Centro Cl\u00ednico Veterinario Indautxu , Bilbao,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0001","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Constitution of the World Health Organization","volume":"36","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(93)90041-5","article-title":"The initial development of a health-related quality of life model as an outcome measure in epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.7.773","article-title":"Development of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy: The GO-QOL","volume":"82","author":"Terwee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00203.x","article-title":"Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs: Owners' perspectives on management with phenobarbitone and\/or potassium bromide","volume":"47","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00866.x","article-title":"Evaluation of levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment for refractory canine epilepsy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"26","author":"Mu\u00f1ana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0006","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1978","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026020304374263300_jvim12328-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.4220282.x","article-title":"ILAE Commission Report. 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