{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:08:54Z","timestamp":1788541734036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences College Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is associated with gastrointestinal signs commonly attributed to uremic gastropathy. Consequently, patients often are treated with antacids and gastrointestinal protectants. This therapeutic regimen is based on documented gastric lesions in uremic humans and dogs, but the nature and incidence of uremic gastropathy in cats are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate uremic gastropathy in CKD cats to facilitate refinement of medical management for gastrointestinal signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-seven CKD cats; 12 nonazotemic cats<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stomachs were evaluated for the presence of classic uremic gastropathy lesions. Histopathologic lesions were compared with serum creatinine concentrations, calcium-phosphorus product (CPP), and serum gastrin concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastric ulceration, edema, and vascular fibrinoid change were not observed. The most important gastric lesions in CKD cats were fibrosis and mineralization. Sixteen CKD cats (43%) had evidence of gastric fibrosis of varying severity and 14 CKD cats (38%) had gastric mineralization. CKD cats were more likely to have gastric fibrosis and mineralization than nonazotemic controls (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Only cats with moderate and severe azotemia had gastric mineralization. CPP was correlated with disease severity; severely azotemic CKD cats had significantly higher CPP when compared with nonazotemic controls, and to mildly and moderately azotemic cats (P &amp;lt; .05). Gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats when compared with nonazotemic controls (P = .003), but increased concentrations were not associated with gastric ulceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uremic gastropathy in CKD cats differs from that described in other species and this difference should be considered when devising medical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T18:27:27Z","timestamp":1394821647000},"page":"827-837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Relationship among Serum Creatinine, Serum Gastrin, Calcium-phosphorus Product, and Uremic Gastropathy in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S.M.","family":"McLeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Microbiology, , Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.F.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, CO"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.G.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Microbiology, , Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.R.","family":"Refsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Quimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304382888200_jvim12342-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.04.008","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Bartges","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304382888200_jvim12342-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.09.004","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in small animals","volume":"41","author":"Polzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304382888200_jvim12342-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.01.004","article-title":"Therapies for feline chronic kidney disease. 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