{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:32Z","timestamp":1787015792202,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid neoplasia is common in dogs, but there are few reports of dogs with ectopic, sublingual thyroid tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe clinical features and outcomes of dogs with ectopic, sublingual thyroid neoplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five hundred and forty-four dogs with thyroid neoplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of dogs referred for thyroid neoplasia between 1995 and 2013. Data extracted included signalment, extent of thyroid disease (eutopic or ectopic; metastasis), serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, treatment, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 544 dogs with thyroid neoplasia, 41 (7.5%) dogs had ectopic sublingual thyroid tumors. The clinical features of these 41 dogs were similar to the cohort group of 503 dogs with eutopic or ectopic mediastinal thyroid tumors, but dogs with sublingual tumors were younger and less likely to have metastatic disease (15% versus 30%, P &amp;lt; .05). Of the 41 dogs, 28 received treatment: 21 with surgery (which included partial hyoidectomy in 13), 7 with radioiodine alone, and 13 with surgery followed by administration of radioiodine. Overall median survival was 562 days (range, 1-1,850 days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When compared with eutopic thyroid carcinomas, ectopic sublingual thyroid tumors generally have a less aggressive biologic behavior. Many dogs have prolonged survival, even without treatment, although death because of local tumor invasiveness or metastasis can develop in some dogs. Surgical thyroidectomy, including partial hyoidectomy, is generally effective for control of local disease. Administration of radioiodine, alone or in combination with surgical treatment, is recommended for multifocal disease or metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T10:20:28Z","timestamp":1406110828000},"page":"1560-1568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of 41 Dogs with Sublingual Ectopic Thyroid Neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M.R.","family":"Broome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Veterinary Medical Imaging , Tustin, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"and the Animal Endocrine Clinic , New York,NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Veterinary Medical Imaging , Tustin, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090660208","article-title":"The early development of the thyroid gland in the dog with especial reference to the origin and position of accessory thyroid tissue within the thoracic cavity","volume":"66","author":"Godwin","year":"1936","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0002","first-page":"299","article-title":"Accessory thyroid tissue within the pericardium of the dog","volume":"24","author":"Swarts","year":"1911","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0003","first-page":"807","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Smithcors","year":"1964","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0028","article-title":"Thyroid development and its disorders: Genetics and molecular mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"De Felice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1317","article-title":"Ectopic thyroid: Etiology, pathology and management","volume":"10","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0461","article-title":"Ectopic thyroid tissue: Anatomical, clinical, and surgical implications of a rare entity","volume":"165","author":"Noussios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020304401189700_jvim12406-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196808)22:2<406::AID-CNCR2820220219>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Thyroid neoplasms in the dog. 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