{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:50:26Z","timestamp":1791942626120,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Animal Welfare Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although a common neurological disorder in dogs, long-term outcome of epilepsy is sparsely documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate risk factors for survival and duration of survival in a population of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and two client owned dogs; 78 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and 24 dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective hospital based study with follow-up. Dogs diagnosed with epilepsy between 2002 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. Owners were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire addressing epilepsy status, treatment, death\/alive, and cause of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median life span was 7.6 years, 9.2 years, and 5.8 years for all dogs, and dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause (P &amp;lt; .001), respectively. Survival time for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy was significantly (P = .0030) decreased for dogs euthanized because of epilepsy (median: 35 months) compared to dogs euthanized for other reasons (median: 67.5 months). Neutered male dogs with idiopathic epilepsy had a significant (P = .031) shorter survival (median: 38.5 months) after index seizure compared to intact male dogs (median: 71 months). Treatment with two antiepileptic drugs (AED\u2032s) did not negatively influence survival (P = .056).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy can in many cases expect a life span close to what is reported for dogs in general. In dogs where mono-therapy is not sufficient, the need for treatment with two AED\u2032s is not linked to a poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T07:32:12Z","timestamp":1411543932000},"page":"1782-1788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Risk Factors for Survival in a University Hospital Population of Dogs with Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Freds\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg C,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.C.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg C,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Toft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Frederiksberg C,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Berendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg C,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04088.x","article-title":"Mortality in patients with epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Hauser","year":"1980","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00010-2","article-title":"Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark","volume":"58","author":"Proschowsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03017.x","article-title":"Premature death, risk factors, and life patterns in dogs with epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Berendt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq378","article-title":"The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy","volume":"134","author":"Neligan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.618","article-title":"Risk factors for development of status epilepticus in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and effects of status epilepticus on outcome and survival time: 32 cases (1990\u20131996)","volume":"219","author":"Saito","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100316","article-title":"Aetiology and long-term outcome of juvenile epilepsy in 136 dogs","volume":"170","author":"Arrol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01251.x","article-title":"Canine idiopathic epilepsy: Prevalence, risk factors and outcome associated with cluster seizures and status epilepticus","volume":"53","author":"Monteiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0438.x","article-title":"Epilepsy in Border Collies: Clinical manifestation, outcome, and mode of inheritance","volume":"24","author":"H\u00fclsmeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00853.x","article-title":"Disease progression and treatment response of idiopathic epilepsy in Australian Shepherd dogs","volume":"26","author":"Weissl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304410862500_jvim12443-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7511-11.2.45","article-title":"Explaining the unexplained; 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