{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:20:15Z","timestamp":1790612415181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reported response rates of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs to piroxicam in combination with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin are similar; however, it is unknown whether either drug might provide superior duration of response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if the progression-free interval (PFI) of dogs with TCC treated with mitoxantrone and piroxicam was different than that of dogs receiving carboplatin and piroxicam. The hypothesis was that the efficacy of mitoxantrone is no different from carboplatin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty dogs with TCC without azotemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective open-label phase III randomized study. Either mitoxantrone or carboplatin was administered every 3\u00a0weeks concurrently with piroxicam with restaging at 6-week intervals. Twenty-four dogs received carboplatin and 26 received mitoxantrone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Response was not different between groups (P\u00a0= .56). None of the dogs showed complete response. In the mitoxantrone group, there were 2 (8%) partial responses (PR) and 18 (69%) dogs with stable disease (SD). In the carboplatin group, there were 3 PR (13%) and 13 (54%) dogs with SD. The PFI was not significantly different between groups (mitoxantrone\u00a0=\u00a0106\u00a0days; carboplatin\u00a0=\u00a073.5\u00a0days; P\u00a0= .62; hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.47\u20131.56). Dogs with prostatic involvement experienced a shorter survival (median, 109\u00a0days) compared to dogs with urethral, trigonal, or apically located tumors; this difference was significant (median 300, 190, and 645\u00a0days, respectively; P\u00a0= .005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study did not detect a different in outcome in dogs with TCC treated with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin in combination with piroxicam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,25]],"date-time":"2015-01-25T07:25:58Z","timestamp":1422170758000},"page":"261-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Randomized Phase III Trial of Piroxicam in Combination with Mitoxantrone or Carboplatin for First-Line Treatment of Urogenital Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"S.D.","family":"Allstadt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, CA"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Knoxville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"C.O.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Boostrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California , Davis, CA"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.B.","family":"Rebhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.A.","family":"Skorupski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304422846900_jvim12533-bib-0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"The occurrence of tumors in domestic animals","volume":"54","author":"Priester","year":"1980","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2026020304422846900_jvim12533-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02424.x","article-title":"Canine 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