{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1791516003669,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3992,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholar's program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate diagnostic markers for sepsis in neonatal foals are needed. Plasma C-reactive protein concentration (p[CRP]) and haptoglobin concentration (p[Hp]) are well-established biomarkers of infection in humans, but studies are lacking in foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypotheses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>p[CRP]) and p[Hp] are increased in septic foals compared to sick nonseptic and healthy control foals, and are predictive of survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty critically ill foals (40 septic, 40 sick nonseptic) and 39 healthy control foals &amp;lt;1\u00a0week of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter, prospective observational clinical study. Venous blood was collected at admission from septic and sick nonseptic foals and from clinically healthy foals at 24\u00a0h of age. A diagnosis of sepsis was made based on positive blood culture or a sepsis score &amp;gt;11, and p[CRP] and p[Hp] were measured by using ELISA tests. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test and forward stepwise multivariable linear regression. P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma [CRP] was positively associated with age, serum globulin, adrenomedullin, and bilirubin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase activity, glutamyl-transferase activity, band neutrophil count, and rectal temperature, and was increased in foals with toxic neutrophils, enterocolitis, colic, rib fractures and septic arthritis. Surprisingly, p[Hp] was lower in septic foals than in sick nonseptic foals. Neither p[CRP] or p[Hp] was predictive of survival in critically ill foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma [CRP] increases with inflammation in neonatal foals but is not indicative of sepsis. Single time point, admission sampling of p[CRP] and p[Hp] do not appear to be useful biomarkers for sepsis in foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,28]],"date-time":"2015-03-28T23:33:58Z","timestamp":1427585638000},"page":"673-677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Haptoglobin Concentrations in Critically Ill Neonatal Foals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"K.A.","family":"Zabrecky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.M.","family":"Slovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hagyard Equine Medical Institute , Lexington, KY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.D.","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.10.1644","article-title":"Causes of and farm management factors associated with disease and death in foals","volume":"204","author":"Cohen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03157.x","article-title":"Prognostic variables for survival of neonatal foals under intensive care","volume":"6","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12358","article-title":"Plasma adrenomedullin concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"28","author":"Toth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054406856","article-title":"Arterial lactate concentration, hospital survival, sepsis and SIRS in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"37","author":"Corley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12307","article-title":"Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals","volume-title":"Equine Vet J","author":"Hackett","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.12.1759","article-title":"Comparison of bacteriologic culture of blood and necropsy specimens for determining the cause of foal septicemia: 47 cases (1978-1987)","volume":"195","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1435-6935.2003.00098.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a score designed to predict sepsis in foals","volume":"13","author":"Corley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12279","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the sepsis score in equine neonates","volume-title":"Equine Vet J","author":"Weber","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01445.x","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for the early diagnosis of equine neonatal sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Brewer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000336629","article-title":"An update on the use of C-reactive protein in early-onset neonatal sepsis: current insights and new tasks","volume":"102","author":"Hofer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116336","article-title":"Metabolic and scintigraphic studies of radioiodinated human C-reactive protein in health and disease","volume":"91","author":"Vigushin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199708000-00003","article-title":"Clinical applications of C-reactive protein in pediatrics","volume":"16","author":"Jaye","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.53.1019","article-title":"Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in horses: the effect of aging, sex, delivery and inflammations on its concentration","volume":"53","author":"Yamashita","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.08.1215","article-title":"Isolation, characterization, and quantitative analysis of C-reactive protein from horses","volume":"51","author":"Takiguchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.10.1234","article-title":"Changes in plasma protein concentrations in ponies with experimentally induced alimentary laminitis","volume":"59","author":"Fagliari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.3.431","article-title":"Significance of serial C-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders","volume":"92","author":"Pourcyrous","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.197","article-title":"Haptoglobin concentrations in preterm and term newborns","volume":"31","author":"Chavez-Bueno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.02071.x","article-title":"Haptoglobin dampens endotoxin-induced inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"114","author":"Arredouani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.54.435","article-title":"Equine haptoglobin: isolation, characterization, and the effects of ageing, delivery and inflammation on its serum concentration","volume":"54","author":"Taira","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.17.538","article-title":"Effects of surgery on the acute phase response in clinically normal and diseased horses","volume":"156","author":"Pollock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12132","article-title":"The effect of exercise on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in normal and previously laminitic ponies","volume":"46","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00993.x","article-title":"Markers of systemic inflammation in horses with heaves","volume":"26","author":"Lavoie-Lamoureux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01940.x","article-title":"Haematology of foals up to one year old","volume":"16","author":"Harvey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12358","article-title":"Plasma adrenomedullin concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"4","author":"Toth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.6.1016","article-title":"Serial measurements of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the immediate postnatal period: reference intervals and analysis of maternal and perinatal confounders","volume":"47","author":"Chiesa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1209-6","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a valuable marker of sepsis","volume":"28","author":"Povoa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.010","article-title":"Haptoglobin, inflammation and disease","volume":"102","author":"Quaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026020600225717200_jvim12568-bib-0028","first-page":"738","article-title":"Evaluation of hemogram, acute phase response, acid base balance and blood gas analysis in newborn foals infected with babesiosis","volume":"24","author":"Alsaad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Plant Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.12568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.12568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/29\/2\/673\/66689548\/jvim12568.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/29\/2\/673\/66689548\/jvim12568.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1770355385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/29\/2\/673\/8452591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.12568","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}}}