{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T16:41:21Z","timestamp":1770396081748,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3931,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001655","name":"Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Link Equine Research Endowment at Texas A&M University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrolide-resistant isolates of Rhodococcus equi are emerging, prompting the search for clinically effective alternative antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of foals with ultrasonographic evidence of pneumonia presumed to be caused by R.\u00a0equi that had a successful outcome when administered gallium maltolate (GaM) PO would not be more than 10% inferior (ie, lower) than that of foals receiving standard treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four foals with subclinical pulmonary abscesses among 509 foals at 6 breeding farms in Kentucky.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled, randomized, prospective noninferiority study. Foals with ultrasonographic lesions &amp;gt;1\u00a0cm in diameter (n\u00a0=\u00a054) were randomly allocated to receive per os either clarithromycin combined with rifampin (CLR+R) or GaM, and followed up for 28\u00a0days by daily physical inspections and weekly (n\u00a0=\u00a01 farm) or biweekly (n\u00a0=\u00a04 farms) thoracic ultrasound examinations by individuals unaware of treatment-group assignments. Treatment success was defined as resolution of ultrasonographically identified pulmonary abscesses within 28\u00a0days of initiating treatment. Noninferiority was defined as a 90% confidence interval for the observed difference in CLR+R minus GaM that was \u226410%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of GaM-treated foals that resolved (70%; 14\/20) was similar to that of foals treated with CLR+R (74%; 25\/34), but we failed to demonstrate noninferiority for GaM relative to CLR+R; however, GaM was noninferior to CLR+R treatment when results from a noncompliant farm were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallium maltolate is not inferior to macrolides for treating foals with subclinical pneumonia. Use of GaM might reduce pressure for macrolide-resistance in R.\u00a0equi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1428923533000},"page":"932-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gallium Maltolate as an Alternative to Macrolides for Treatment of Presumed\n                    <i>Rhodococcus equi<\/i>\n                    Pneumonia in Foals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Slovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGee Medicine Center, Hagyard Equine Medical Institute , Lexington, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steeve","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Large Animal Medicine, , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGee Medicine Center, Hagyard Equine Medical Institute , Lexington, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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