{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:32:02Z","timestamp":1774085522128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3747,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Because dogs with PH present without measureable tricuspid regurgitation (TR), it would be useful to investigate echocardiographic variables that can identify PH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate associations between estimated systolic TR pressure gradient (TRPG) and dog characteristics and selected echocardiographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>156 privately owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study comparing the estimations of TRPG with dog characteristics and selected echocardiographic variables in dogs with MMVD and measureable TR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient was significantly (P &amp;lt; .05) associated with body weight corrected right (RVIDDn) and left (LVIDDn) ventricular end-diastolic and systolic (LVIDSn) internal diameters, pulmonary arterial (PA) acceleration to deceleration time ratio (AT\/DT), heart rate, left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA\/Ao), and the presence of congestive heart failure. Four variables remained significant in the multiple regression analysis with TRPG as a dependent variable: modeled as linear variables LA\/Ao (P &amp;lt; .0001) and RVIDDn (P = .041), modeled as second order polynomial variables: AT\/DT (P = .0039) and LVIDDn (P &amp;lt; .0001) The adjusted R2-value for the final model was 0.45 and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested the model's performance to predict PH, defined as 36, 45, and 55 mmHg as fair (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80), good (AUC = 0.86), and excellent (AUC = 0.92), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In dogs with MMVD, the presence of PH might be suspected with the combination of decreased PA AT\/DT, increased RVIDDn and LA\/Ao, and a small or great LVIDDn.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T02:21:29Z","timestamp":1442197289000},"page":"1510-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Diagnostic Value of Selected Echocardiographic Variables to Identify Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Tidholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albano Animal Hospital , Danderyd,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"H\u00f6glund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Anatomy, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ljungvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.11.1772","article-title":"Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: 86 cases (2001\u20132005)","volume":"229","author":"Serres","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00860.x","article-title":"Survival characteristics and prognostic variables of dogs with preclinical chronic degenerative mitral valve disease attributable to myxomatous degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Borgarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70055-8","article-title":"Comparison of primary mitral valve disease in German Shepherd dogs and in small breeds","volume":"6","author":"Borgarelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.01.001","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in canine degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"14","author":"Kellihan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00802.x","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic left-sided cardiac dysfunction in dogs","volume":"50","author":"Stepien","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0006","first-page":"844","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Echocardiography","author":"Levine","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.4.657","article-title":"Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"70","author":"Yock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200811-1691OC","article-title":"Accuracy of Doppler echocardigraphy in the hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"179","author":"Fisher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.126350","article-title":"Noninvasive estimation of both systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure from Doppler analysis or tricuspid regurgitant velocity spectrum in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"144","author":"Lanzarini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80477-0","article-title":"Continous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients","volume":"6","author":"Currie","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2014.10.004","article-title":"Accuracy of Doppler echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary artery pressures in a canine model of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Soydan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01461.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 53 dogs with Doppler-derived evidence of pulmonary hypertension:1992\u20131996","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01805.x","article-title":"Doppler echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary hypertension in West Highland White Terriers with chronic pulmonary disease","volume":"20","author":"Schober","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12564","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic significance of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Borgarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90646-5","article-title":"Dopper echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease","volume":"53","author":"Kosturakis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.6.1649","article-title":"Right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular wall thickening, and Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with a pure restrictive ventilatory impairment","volume":"106","author":"Shivkumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2002.118526","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiographic markers of right ventricular function in determining prognosis in chronic pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Burgess","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01950.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value of echo-doppler and tissue doppler imaging in dogs with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Serres","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00981.x","article-title":"Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in dogs: reference values and impact of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Pariaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-547OC","article-title":"Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"174","author":"Forfia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0021","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boon","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0022","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boon","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0392.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease","volume":"23","author":"Atkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.02.002","article-title":"Pharmacological management of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Atkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01051.x","article-title":"Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in Cavalier King Charels spaniels with and without left atrial enlargement","volume":"43","author":"Hanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70183-4","article-title":"Inter-and intra-observer variability in the echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function","volume":"63","author":"Pinedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"Cornell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0029","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boon","year":"2011","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0030","volume-title":"Statistics for Veterinary and Animal Science","author":"Petrie","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0031","first-page":"322","volume-title":"An Introduction to Medical Statistics","author":"Bland","year":"1995","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","article-title":"The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve","volume":"143","author":"Hanley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90990-T","article-title":"Effect of chronic right ventricular pressure overload on left ventricular diastolic function","volume":"72","author":"Lazar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01744-8","article-title":"Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Raymond","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.3.626","article-title":"Leftward septal displacement during right ventricular loading in man","volume":"61","author":"Brinker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90634-1","article-title":"Dimensional changes of the left ventricle during acute pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Stool","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.517","article-title":"Cardiac atrophy after bed-rest deconditioning: a nonneural mechanism for orthstatic intolerance","volume":"96","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.645","article-title":"Cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight","volume":"91","author":"Perhonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0183","article-title":"Impaired left ventricular filling in COPD and emphysema: is it the heart or the lungs? The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis COPD study","volume":"144","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.027","article-title":"Left ventricular atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. A sinister dexter conundrum","volume":"64","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0430.x","article-title":"Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Guglielmini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2011.04.003","article-title":"NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, and cTnI concentrations in dogs with precapillary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Kellihan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-6013.58625","article-title":"Utility of tricuspid plane systolic excursion in the assessment of right ventricular function","volume":"2","author":"Zeineh","year":"2010","journal-title":"PVRI Rev"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00877-2","article-title":"Prognostic usefulness of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"85","author":"Ghio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euje.2005.10.009","article-title":"Evaluation of right ventricular volume and function by 2D and 3D echocardiography compared to MRI","volume":"7","author":"Kjaergaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.12.011","article-title":"Role of BNP and echo measurement for pulmonary hypertension recognition in patients with interstitial lung disease: an algorithm application model","volume":"109","author":"Ruocco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0047","first-page":"270","article-title":"New predictors of mortality in adults with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension: midterm outcome of a prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Schuuring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12835","article-title":"Improvement in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion with pulmonary hypertension therapy in pediatric patients","volume":"32","author":"Bano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.01.014","article-title":"Severe tricuspid regurgitation shows significant impact in the relationship among peak systolic tricuspid annular velocity, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and right ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"19","author":"Hsiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020304480402000_jvim13609-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001375","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in pediatric heart failure and transplantation. Right versus left ventricular failure: differences, similarities, and interactions","volume":"129","author":"Freidberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.13609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.13609","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.13609","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/1510\/66687584\/jvim13609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/1510\/66687584\/jvim13609.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:48:12Z","timestamp":1770112092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/29\/6\/1510\/8452497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.13609","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}}}