{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:11:14Z","timestamp":1782497474225,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3747,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of innocent cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy puppies, to investigate a possible correlation between the presence of an innocent murmur and hematocrit, and to describe the auscultation characteristics of innocent murmurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower hematocrit contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five hundred and eighty-four client-owned clinically healthy puppies, between 20 and 108 days old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two cross-sectional surveys with a 1-year (n = 389 pups) pilot and a half-year (n = 195 pups) principal study periods. Cardiac auscultation was performed by a single, board-certified cardiologist. Hematocrit was measured with an automatized hematology analyzer. Echocardiography was performed only on puppies with a cardiac murmur in the principal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the pilot study, 15% of the dogs had a murmur. Innocent murmur was diagnosed in 28% of the 195 dogs in the principal study. Innocent murmurs were systolic, mostly with a musical character and with a maximal intensity of 2 of 6, and mostly with the point of maximal intensity in the left cardiac base. The hematocrit was significantly lower in the group with a murmur compared to the group without (P = .023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Innocent murmur was a common finding in puppies at the age when the first veterinary controls usually take place. Physiologic anemia contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs in puppies. Rising hematocrit in growing puppies can explain the spontaneous disappearance of innocent murmurs with aging. Hematocrit did not differentiate innocent murmurs from abnormal murmurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T08:05:00Z","timestamp":1443513900000},"page":"1524-1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Innocent Cardiac Murmur in Puppies: Prevalence, Correlation with Hematocrit, and Auscultation Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Szatm\u00e1ri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.W.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Teske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12128","article-title":"Sound advice for heart murmurs","volume":"54","author":"Dennis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12334","article-title":"Listen to the sound: What is normal?","volume":"56","author":"Fonfara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591149","article-title":"Cardiac auscultation: A glorious past\u2014and it does have a future!","volume":"113","author":"Tavel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0004","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Cardiac Auscultation and Phonocardiography in Dogs, Horses and Cats","author":"Kvart","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.4.468","article-title":"Detection of innocent systolic murmurs by auscultation and their relation to hematologic and echocardiographic findings in clinically normal Whippets","volume":"238","author":"Bavegems","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000153388.41229.CB","article-title":"Innocent murmurs","volume":"111","author":"Biancaniello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0007","first-page":"793","article-title":"Evaluation and management of heart murmurs in children","volume":"84","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.04.031","article-title":"Innocent murmurs: A suspect diagnosis in non-pregnant adults","volume":"104","author":"Guntheroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304483228200_jvim13632-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00425-2","article-title":"Systolic ejection murmurs in the era of modern cardiology. 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