{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:13:52Z","timestamp":1787015632381,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3626,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007015","name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012429","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Companion Animal Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperthyroidism, the most common endocrine disorder in cats, has been associated with low serum cobalamin concentrations. Whether this is a functional cobalamin deficiency of clinical importance has not been assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats with hyperthyroidism experience a functional cobalamin deficiency which correlates with their clinical catabolic state and is reversible with return of the euthyroid state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine client-owned hyperthyroid cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study. Serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and clinical scores were determined in each hyperthyroid cat at enrollment and when euthyroid (60 days after radioiodine treatment).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five of the 39 hyperthyroid cats (13%) had a low serum cobalamin concentration ranging from &amp;lt;150 to 290 ng\/L. Serum cobalamin concentrations normalized to &amp;gt;350 ng\/L in 2 of the hypocobalaminemic cats once euthyroid. None of the hyperthyroid\/hypocobalaminemic cats had increased serum methylmalonic acid concentrations (175\u2013601 nmol\/L). In cats with clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism, there was no correlation between serum cobalamin concentrations with total T4 concentration (P = .12) or clinical scores including body weight (P = .11) and BCS (P = .54).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this population of hyperthyroid cats, the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia was low. Specifically, hyperthyroid cats, in which concurrent gastrointestinal disease is unlikely. Hypocobalaminemia is not a functional deficiency requiring supplementation in hyperthyroid cats without gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T03:11:04Z","timestamp":1456974664000},"page":"560-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serum Cobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations in Hyperthyroid Cats Before and After Radioiodine Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"B.M.","family":"Geesaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, WI"},{"name":"VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital , Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.H.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, WI"},{"name":"Carolina Veterinary Specialists , Winston-Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.R.","family":"Viviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0001","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Update on vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"83","author":"Langan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.14.7901104","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities in cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0003","first-page":"540","article-title":"Homocysteine: Relationship to serum cobalamin, serum folate, erythrocyte folate, and lobation of neutrophils","volume":"17","author":"Chadefaux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1021\/cb6001174","article-title":"B12 trafficking in mammals: A for coenzyme escort service","volume":"1","author":"Banerjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830340204","article-title":"Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency I: Usefulness of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations","volume":"34","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830340205","article-title":"Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency: II. Relative sensitivities of serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine concentrations","volume":"34","author":"Lindenbaum","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.s3-5.1.108","article-title":"The interpretation and significance of morphological abnormalities in jejunal biopsies","volume":"5","author":"Whitehead","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Clin Path Suppl (Roy Coll Path)"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0008","volume-title":"Diseases of the small intestine","author":"Hall","year":"2010","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1852","article-title":"Metabolism of amino acids in cats with severe cobalamin deficiency","volume":"62","author":"Ruaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02676.x","article-title":"Early biochemical and clinical responses to cobalamin supplementation in cats with signs of gastrointestinal disease and severe hypocobalaminemia","volume":"19","author":"Ruaux","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0308.x","article-title":"Relationships between low serum cobalamin concentrations and methlymalonic acidemia in cats","volume":"23","author":"Ruaux","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.01027.x","article-title":"The prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism","volume":"52","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.121","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine levels in hyperthyroid patients","volume":"51","author":"Demirbas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0014","first-page":"443","article-title":"Homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin levels in hyperthyroid women before and after treatment","volume":"60","author":"Orzechowska-Pawilojc","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V36.5.632.632","article-title":"A study of vitamin B 12 requirements in a patient with pernicious anemia and thyrotoxicosis: Evidence of an increased need for vitamin B 12 in the presence of hyperthyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Alperin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1620915","article-title":"Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in hyperthyroidism","volume":"18","author":"Gyftaki","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00850.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral methimazole following single- and multiple-dose administration in normal cats","volume":"14","author":"Trepanier","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(91)90055-S","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of methimazole in normal cats and cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"50","author":"Trepanier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02288.x","article-title":"Serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"14","author":"Steiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02293.x","article-title":"Subnormal concentrations of serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) in cats with gastrointestinal disease","volume":"15","author":"Simpson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.11.1422","article-title":"Radioiodine treatment of 524 cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"207","author":"Peterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00632.x","article-title":"The marker of cobalamin deficiency, plasma methylmalonic acid, correlates to plasma creatinine","volume":"247","author":"Hvas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0023","volume-title":"Evaluation of plama homocysteine and B vitamin concentrations in cardiomyopathic cats with congestive heart failure and aterial thromboembolism","author":"Hohenhaus","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.01.005","article-title":"Cobalamin, folate and inorganic phosphate abnormalities in ill cats","volume":"9","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/7.4.397","article-title":"Urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid: Application in diagnosis of clinical folic acid deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Luhby","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.12.2606S","article-title":"Folate requirement of growing kittens to prevent elevated formiminoglutamic acid excretion following histidine loading","volume":"128","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90044-G","article-title":"Decreased orocaecal transit time, as measured by the exhalation of hydrogen, in hyperthyroid cats","volume":"55","author":"Papasouliotis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(00)00189-6","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit times in young and old cats","volume":"126","author":"Peachey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0029","first-page":"53","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of hyperthyroidism on renal function in the cat","volume":"61","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00846.x","article-title":"Changes in renal function in cats following treatment of hyperthyroidism using 131I","volume":"38","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.4.779","article-title":"Folate metabolism and requirements","volume":"129","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510220049033","article-title":"Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population","volume":"270","author":"Selhub","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1559","article-title":"The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats","volume":"221","author":"Zoran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2008.00162.x","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations in cats with and without oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Fulmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Comp Oncol"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02268.x","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine, B vitamins, and amino acid concentrations in cats with cardiomyopathy and arterial thromboembolism","volume":"14","author":"McMichael","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.217","article-title":"Homocysteine metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Selhub","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"2026020304505663500_jvim13918-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.01.002","article-title":"Ultrasonography of small intestinal inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in dogs and cats","volume":"41","author":"Gaschen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.13918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.13918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.13918","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/30\/2\/560\/66695295\/jvim13918.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/30\/2\/560\/66695295\/jvim13918.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:51:11Z","timestamp":1770112271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/30\/2\/560\/8452828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.13918","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}}}