{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:32:13Z","timestamp":1770222733247,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3504,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The electrocardiographic differentiation between atrial (APDs) and ventricular (VPDs) premature depolarizations is important. P wave prematurity and normal QRS and T wave morphology generally are used as discriminating criteria for APDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether P, Q, R, S, and T wave amplitude, PQ interval, QRS and P wave duration and P and T wave morphology differ between APDs and sinus beats. To determine the relationship between the RR coupling interval and the change in S wave amplitude between sinus beats and APDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013control study. From a modified base-apex configuration of 30 horses with APDs at rest, sinus beat and APD associated preceding RR interval, P, PQ and QRS duration and P, R, S, and T wave amplitudes were measured. Linear mixed models and logistic regression were used to determine the effect of APDs on the ECG variables studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In comparison to sinus beats, APDs were associated with a significant (P &amp;lt; .001) change in P amplitude (\u22120.03 \u00b1 0.01 mV) and increase in S (0.20 \u00b1 0.02 mV) and T (0.08 \u00b1 0.03 mV) amplitude. PQ (\u221220.3 \u00b1 5.2 ms) and RR (\u2212519 \u00b1 14 ms) interval and P duration (\u221221.1 \u00b1 3.0 ms) decreased (P &amp;lt; .001). APDs were significantly associated with a singular positive P wave (OR: 11.0, P &amp;lt; .001) and were more likely to have a monophasic positive T wave (OR: 9.2, P &amp;lt; .001). A smaller RR coupling interval was associated with an increased relative difference in S amplitude (P &amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial premature depolarizations may lead to changes in QRS and T wave morphology. Knowledge of these changes is important to avoid interpreting certain APDs as VPDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T23:32:14Z","timestamp":1464046334000},"page":"1253-1259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Atrial Premature Depolarization-Induced Changes in QRS and T Wave Morphology on Resting Electrocardiograms in Horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Broux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Decloedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Van Der Vekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 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