{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:21:02Z","timestamp":1789471262720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3504,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Virginia Horse Industry Board"},{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences at the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lyme disease can affect people, dogs, and horses, but it remains poorly understood, especially in the horse. Determining the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in horses in different geographic areas will enable better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, thus improving diagnosis and treatment of affected animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi in horses in southwest Virginia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses presented for routine Coggins testing from January 2013 to January 2014 had additional blood drawn for Lyme Multiplex Assay testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 492 samples collected, 250 samples were analyzed using the Lyme Multiplex Assay. Of the 83 horses that had positive test results to at least 1 outer surface protein (Osp), 63 were available for follow-up testing 5\u201317 months later (June 2014).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three percent of horses had positive results for antibodies to at least 1 Osp. Horses with a positive outer surface protein F (OspF) result were older (14.5 \u00b1 0.79) than horses with a negative OspF result (11.6 \u00b1 0.53). Of the horses available for follow-up testing, 63% had the same result as that of the initial test. There was no difference in test result between initial and follow-up testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses seropositive to B. burgdorferi are common in Virginia, and older horses are more likely to have a positive test result for OspF than younger horses. Follow-up testing indicated that the majority of horses that were positive on initial testing did not have a different test result 5\u201317 months later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T06:38:00Z","timestamp":1464071880000},"page":"1300-1304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Seroprevalence of\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    in Horses Presented for Coggins Testing in Southwest Virginia and Change in Positive Test Results Approximately 1 Year Later"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R.A.","family":"Funk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Pleasant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.G.","family":"Witonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.S.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.R.","family":"Werre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.R.","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695196","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi infections with special reference to horses. A review","volume":"27","author":"Butler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.03.359","article-title":"Borreliosis in equids in northeastern United States","volume":"49","author":"Magnarelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.10.1365","article-title":"Class-specific and polyvalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in equids","volume":"195","author":"Magnarelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.1045","article-title":"Serologic confirmation of Ehrlichia equi and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses from the northeastern United States","volume":"217","author":"Magnarelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.12.2570","article-title":"Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in New England horses: Serologic survey","volume":"46","author":"Marcus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0006","first-page":"237","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Italian horses","volume":"19","author":"Ebani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0449","article-title":"Prevalence of tick borne pathogens in horses from Italy","volume":"75","author":"Laus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0083","article-title":"Seroprevalence survey of equine Lyme borreliosis in France and Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"10","author":"Maurizi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.06.029","article-title":"Occurrence of Borrelia lusitaniae infection in horses","volume":"160","author":"Veronesi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Danish horses","volume":"52","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0254","article-title":"Serological reactivity to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dogs and horses from distinct areas in Romania","volume":"11","author":"Kiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv237","article-title":"County-Scale Distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Continental United States","volume":"53","author":"Eisen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1661","article-title":"Confirmation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes scapularis, Southwestern Virginia","volume":"14","author":"Herrin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0014","volume-title":"Reported cases of Lyme disease by state or locality, 2004\u20132013\u2020"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0015","volume-title":"Resources for health care professionals, Lyme disease","author":"Levine","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.08.005","article-title":"Development of a multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in horses and its validation using Bayesian and conventional statistical methods","volume":"144","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1570","article-title":"Antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia spp. are common in Oklahoma","volume":"14","author":"Carmicheal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05653-11","article-title":"Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF and C6 antigens as markers for early and late infection in dogs","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0019","volume-title":"Lyme disease multiplex testing for horses","author":"Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0020","volume-title":"Lyme disease multiplex Q & A with Dr. Bettina Wagner","author":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine College News","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.173-181.1999","article-title":"The immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody response to OspA and OspB correlates with severe and prolonged Lyme arthritis and the IgG response to P35 correlates with mild and brief arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Akin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2012.036","article-title":"Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi ELISA antibody over time in both antibiotic treated and untreated horses","volume":"60","author":"Divers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"2026020304524919200_jvim13973-bib-0023","author":"Animal Health and Emergency Services"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.13973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.13973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.13973","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/30\/4\/1300\/66690458\/jvim13973.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/30\/4\/1300\/66690458\/jvim13973.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:52:55Z","timestamp":1770112375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/30\/4\/1300\/8452890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.13973","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]}}}