{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:20:11Z","timestamp":1790040011646,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3320,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006471","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Folate and cobalamin are essential cofactors for homocysteine (HCY) metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a multifactorial condition, may reflect B vitamin deficiency and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, and neurodegenerative and chronic gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported in Greyhounds with suspected chronic enteropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the frequencies of and the association between hypofolatemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data and serum samples from 559 Greyhounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nested case-control study. The frequency of hypofolatemia in Greyhounds was determined by a laboratory database search. The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia was evaluated, and its frequency compared between healthy Greyhounds and Greyhounds with thrombosis or chronic diarrhea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypofolatemia was identified in 172 of 423 (41%) Greyhounds and was more common in hypo- than in normocobalaminemic dogs (49% vs. 35%; P = .0064). Hyperhomocysteinemia was detected in 53 of 78 (68%) of Greyhounds, being more common in hypo- than in normofolatemic dogs (88% vs. 59%; P = .0175). All healthy Greyhounds, 21 of 30 (70%) of dogs with chronic diarrhea and 6 of 8 (75%) of those with thrombosis, were hyperhomocysteinemic. Serum HCY concentrations were inversely correlated with serum folate concentration (\u03c1 = \u22120.28; P = .0386) and were positively associated with serum albumin concentration (\u03c1 = 0.66; P = .0022).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs frequently in the Greyhound population. Its association with hypofolatemia suggests decreased intracellular availability of B vitamins, but the functional implications warrant further investigation. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds potentially may serve as a spontaneous canine model to further investigate hyperhomocysteinemia in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T00:06:46Z","timestamp":1479514006000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hyperhomocysteinemia in Greyhounds and its Association with Hypofolatemia and Other Clinicopathologic Variables"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"R.M.","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory , Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474"},{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, SN, 04103","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gr\u00fctzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory , Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474"},{"name":"Farm Animal Clinic, Clinic for Swine , Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, Bern, 3012","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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