{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:34:38Z","timestamp":1770744878990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3261,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"AKC Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Boxer Charitable Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No definitive, antemortem diagnostic test for canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is available. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNF-H) is a promising biomarker for nervous system diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum pNF-H is a detectable biological marker for diagnosis of canine DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-three DM-affected, 27 neurologically normal, 7 asymptomatic at-risk, and 12 DM mimic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Archived CSF and serum pNF-H concentrations were determined by a commercially available ELISA. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated with CSF values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with old control dogs, median CSF pNF-H concentration was increased in all stages of DM; old dogs 5.1 ng\/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.4\u20139.3) versus DM stage 1 23.9 ng\/mL (IQR 20.8\u201329.6; P &amp;lt; .05) versus DM stage 2 36.8 ng\/mL (IQR 22.9\u201351.2; P &amp;lt; .0001) versus DM stage 3 25.2 ng\/mL (IQR 20.2\u201361.8; P &amp;lt; .001) versus DM stage 4 38.0 ng\/mL (IQR 11.6\u201359.9; P &amp;lt; .01). Degenerative myelopathy stage 1 dogs had increased median CSF pNF-H concentrations compared with asymptomatic, at-risk dogs (3.4 ng\/mL [IQR 1.5\u201310.9; P &amp;lt; .01]) and DM mimics (6.6 ng\/mL [IQR 3.0\u201312.3; P &amp;lt; .01]). CSF pNF-H concentration &amp;gt;20.25 ng\/mL was 80.4% sensitive (confidence interval [CI] 66.09\u201390.64%) and 93.6% specific (CI 78.58\u201399.21%) for DM. Area under the ROC curve was 0.9467 (CI 0.92\u20130.9974). No differences in serum pNF-H concentration were found between control and DM-affected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>pNF-H concentration in CSF is a sensitive biomarker for diagnosis of DM. Although there was high specificity for DM in this cohort, further study should focus on a larger cohort of DM mimics, particularly other central and peripheral axonopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T08:42:50Z","timestamp":1486716170000},"page":"513-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy as a Diagnostic Marker of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"C.M.","family":"Toedebusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.D.","family":"Bachrach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, Bond 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