{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:20:23Z","timestamp":1790040023445,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3077,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both elevated homocysteine and decreased folic acid concentrations are observed in human patients with hypothyroidism and can influence the development of numerous secondary disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to assess total homocysteine concentration in serum and to examine its relationship with the concentration of folic acid and thyroid hormones (tT4 and fT4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten healthy and 19 hypothyroid client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism had the diagnosis confirmed by additional tests. Total homocysteine, folic acid, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in serum were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothyroid dogs were diagnosed with increased homocysteine (median 22.20 \u03bcmol\/L; range, 16.50\u201337.75) and decreased folic acid (median 20.62 nmol\/L; range, 10.54\u201326.35) concentrations, as compared to healthy dogs (11.52 \u03bcmol\/L; range, 10.00\u201316.65 and 30.68 nmol\/L; range, 22.84\u201338.52, respectively). In sick dogs, total homocysteine was inversely correlated with folic acid (\u03c1 = \u22120.47, P &amp;lt; 0.001), total thyroxine (\u03c1 = \u22120.69, P = 0.0092), and free thyroxine (\u03c1 = \u22120.56, P = 0.0302).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothyroidism in dogs causes hyperhomocysteinemia. Concomitant mild folic acid decrease in hypothyroid dogs might be as a result of hyperhomocysteinemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T02:08:44Z","timestamp":1502676524000},"page":"1403-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Relationship between Total Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7182-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Go\u0142y\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lutnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Krumrych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz Department of Immunobiology, , Bydgoszcz,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Szczepanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Go\u0142y\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Veterinary Surgery, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Wilko\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141.","family":"Adamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141.","family":"Sitkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Studies and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Maria Curie Sk\u0142odowska University , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141.","family":"Kurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, , Lublin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303210139800_jvim14804-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.4.779","article-title":"Folate Metabolism and Requirements","volume":"129","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026020303210139800_jvim14804-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100864","article-title":"Evaluation of homocysteine levels in dogs with chronic mitral valve insufficiency","volume":"171","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet 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