{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:44:28Z","timestamp":1783338268900,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2955,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/15457-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/15457-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatic circulatory disturbances have been associated with obesity and fatty liver in humans. In the veterinary literature, however, there is limited information regarding the effects of different body condition scores (BCS) on liver hemodynamic indices in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the influence of BCS on liver hemodynamic indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-three client-owned dogs of various breeds were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study. Dogs were divided into 3 BCS groups using a 5-point scale: G1 \u2013 12 ideal dogs, G2 \u2013 21 overweight dogs, G3 \u2013 20 obese dogs. Mean portal velocity (MPV), portal blood flow volume (PBFV), portal congestion index (PCI), hepatic artery resistivity index (HARI), and hepatic vein (HV) spectral wave were obtained by pulsed Doppler sonography. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. Liver enzymes activities and liver hemodynamic indices were compared among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obese dogs had lower MPV, higher percentage of abnormal hepatic vein spectral wave and higher median ALP activity than did ideal dogs (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Overweight and obese dogs had lower PBFV than ideal dogs (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01). Overweight dogs had higher median GGT activity than ideal dogs (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). No difference was observed for PCI, HARI and median ALT activity among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity was associated with changes in portal vein indices and in HV spectral wave. These changes were accompanied by significant differences in some liver enzymes activities and could be a sign of early liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:11:01Z","timestamp":1514333461000},"page":"181-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sonographic Evaluation of Liver Hemodynamic Indices in Overweight and Obese Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.F.","family":"Belotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.R.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.R.","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Biosciences Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d Department of Biostatistics, , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.C.","family":"Rahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Saskatoon, SK,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Mamprim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, , Botucatu, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00863.x","article-title":"Canine obesity: An overview","volume":"30","author":"Grosselin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.22.695","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity in dogs examined by Australian veterinary practices and the risk factors involved","volume":"156","author":"McGreevy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.10.009","article-title":"Obesity in dogs and cats: A metabolic and endocrine disorder","volume":"40","author":"Zoran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0004","first-page":"42","article-title":"Obesity in companion animals","volume":"32","author":"German","year":"2010","journal-title":"Companion Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12018","article-title":"Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in obese dogs","volume":"27","author":"Mehlman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.10.013","article-title":"Effects of obesity on lung function and airway reactivity in healthy dogs","volume":"193","author":"Manens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Despreux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0008","article-title":"Veterinary Pathology","author":"Jones","year":"1997","edition":"6"},{"key":"2026020303252783400_jvim14883-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.09.057","article-title":"Is the metabolic syndrome a useful clinical concept in dogs? 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