{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:58:59Z","timestamp":1793444339132,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2955,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a common lower urinary tract disorder of domestic cats that resembles interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome (IC\/PBS) in humans. Diagnosis of FIC is based on clinical signs and exclusion of other disorders because of a lack of specific pathologic findings or other objective biomarkers. Cytokines are potential noninvasive biomarkers to define the presence, severity, and progression of disease, and response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this pilot study was to determine concentrations of selected cytokines in serum from healthy cats and cats with acute FIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples from 13 healthy cats and from 12 cats with nonobstructive acute FIC were utilized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiplex analysis of 19 cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL12, CXCL8, Flt3L, GM-CSF, IFN-\u03b3, IL-12 (p40), IL-13, IL-18, IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, PDGF-BB, SCF, sFas, and TNF-\u03b1) was performed with a commercially available feline-specific multiplex bead-based assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean serum concentrations of IL-12 (p40; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), CXCL12 (P = 0.002), IL-18 (P = 0.032), and Flt3L (P = 0.0024) were significantly increased in FIC cats compared to healthy cats. GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-2, and PDGF-BB were undetectable or detected in an insufficient number of cats to allow meaningful comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have identified increased serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines CXCL12, IL-12, IL-18, and Flt3L in FIC-affected cats. These findings suggest potential candidates for noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic outcome monitoring of affected cats and provide additional insight into the etiopathogenesis of FIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T10:49:29Z","timestamp":1516618169000},"page":"274-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Serum Cytokine Profiling in Cats with Acute Idiopathic Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Parys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, MI"},{"name":"M. 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