{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:10:28Z","timestamp":1791439828913,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2896,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merial and Zoetis"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Borrelia burgdorferi infection is common in horses living in Lyme endemic areas and the geographic range for exposure is increasing. Morbidity after B. burgdorferi infection in horses is unknown. Documented, naturally occurring syndromes attributed to B. burgdorferi infection in horses include neuroborreliosis, uveitis, and cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Although other clinical signs such as lameness and stiffness are reported in horses, these are often not well documented. Diagnosis of Lyme disease is based on exposure to B. burgdorferi, cytology or histopathology of infected fluid or tissue and antigen detection. Treatment of Lyme disease in horses is similar to treatment of humans or small animals but treatment success might not be the same because of species differences in antimicrobial bioavailability and duration of infection before initiation of treatment. There are no approved equine label Lyme vaccines but there is strong evidence that proper vaccination could prevent infection in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T14:38:03Z","timestamp":1519396683000},"page":"617-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    Infection and Lyme Disease in North American Horses: A Consensus Statement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.J.","family":"Divers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, ,Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.B.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BW Furlong & Associates ,Oldwick, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California \u2013 Davis Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.G.","family":"Witonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland Region CVM Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, ,Blacksburg, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J.","family":"Bertone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVMm Western University of Health Sciences ,Pomona, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.L.","family":"Swinebroad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newmarket Sporthorse Medicine ,Newmarket, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.E.","family":"Schutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Medicine, ,Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Studies, ,Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0001","first-page":"515","article-title":"Discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors","volume":"57","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2001.00200.x","article-title":"Tick-borne bacterial diseases emerging in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Parola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.651","article-title":"Experimental Lyme disease in dogs produces arthritis and persistent infection","volume":"167","author":"Appel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1732-1738.1996","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii western blots (immunoblots)","volume":"34","author":"Normal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01158-10","article-title":"Whole-genome sequences of thirteen isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"193","author":"Schutzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2205.151806","article-title":"Differences in genotype, clinical features, and inflammatory potential of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains from Europe and the United States","volume":"22","author":"Cerar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.989837","article-title":"Lyme disease: Diagnostic issues and controversies","volume":"15","author":"Aguero-Rosenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02880.x","article-title":"ACVIM small animal consensus statement on Lyme disease in dogs: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"20","author":"Littman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.08.004","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and treatment of Lyme disease","volume":"35","author":"Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400201","article-title":"Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of a distinctive renal lesion in dogs putatively associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection: 49 cases (1987\u20131992)","volume":"34","author":"Dambach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-1-68","article-title":"Experimental infection of ponies with Borrelia burgdorferi by exposure to Ixodid ticks","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.02.006","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of experimentally Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ponies","volume":"107","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00187-5","article-title":"Vaccination against lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A (rOspA) in horses","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16090","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.90","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"2","author":"Steere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0745-x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"13","author":"Pietik\u00e4inen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0478-6","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"11","author":"Basile","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.10.1340","article-title":"Arthritis and panuveitis as manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a Wisconsin pony","volume":"189","author":"Burgess","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.191.11.1457","article-title":"Encephalitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse","volume":"191","author":"Burgess","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.03.359","article-title":"Borreliosis in equids in northeastern United States","volume":"49","author":"Magnarelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01595.x","article-title":"A possible case of Lyme borreliosis in a horse in the UK","volume":"28","author":"Hahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.10.1180","article-title":"Meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuritis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse","volume":"237","author":"James","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811398246","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis in 2 horses","volume":"48","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01000.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of Borrelia-associated uveitis in two horses","volume":"15","author":"Priest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01013.x","article-title":"A case of Borrelia-associated cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a horse","volume":"23","author":"Sears","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1152074","article-title":"Polysynovitis in a horse due to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection\u2013Case study","volume":"22","author":"Passamonti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14369","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of horses diagnosed with neuroborreliosis on postmortem examination: 16 cases (2004\u20132015)","volume":"30","author":"Johnstone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0027","first-page":"70","article-title":"A new sensitive Lyme multiplex assay to confirm neuroborreliosis in horses: A case report","volume":"57","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.1045","article-title":"Serologic confirmation of Ehrlichia equi and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses from the northeastern United States","volume":"217","author":"Magnarelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13973","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in horses presented for coggins testing in southwest Virginia and change in positive test results approximately 1 year later","volume":"30","author":"Funk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2011.03.007","article-title":"Retrospective study on seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in horses in Minnesota","volume":"31","author":"Durrani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.08.010","article-title":"The prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi found in horses residing in the northwestern United States","volume":"28","author":"Metcalf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040906","article-title":"Microbiology of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"17","author":"Rosa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2009.00010.x","article-title":"Transmission cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi and B. bissettii in relation to habitat type in northwestern California","volume":"34","author":"Eisen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0903-5","article-title":"Association between body size and reservoir competence of mammals bearing Borrelia burgdorferi at an endemic site in the northeastern United States","volume":"30","author":"Barbour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115306","article-title":"Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi)","volume":"130","author":"Mather","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714","article-title":"Of ticks, mice and men: Understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes","volume":"10","author":"Radolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis: A review of data on transmission time after tick attachment","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7398","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7398","article-title":"Inhibition of Borrelia burgdorferi-tick interactions in vivo by outer surface protein A antibody","volume":"166","author":"Pal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.12.013","article-title":"Biology of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"22","author":"Tilly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00442","article-title":"Multifunctional and redundant roles of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins in tissue adhesion, colonization, and complement evasion","volume":"7","author":"Caine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5759","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses","volume":"72","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12271","article-title":"Lipoprotein succession in Borrelia burgdorferi: Similar but distinct roles for OspC and VIsE at different stages of mammalian infection","volume":"89","author":"Tilly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00349-15","article-title":"A short-term Borrelia burgdorferi infection model identifies tissue tropisms and bloodstream survival conferred by adhesion proteins","volume":"83","author":"Caine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.01.022","article-title":"Lyme disease: Emergency department considerations","volume":"52","author":"Applegren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174428","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174428","article-title":"A Bayesian spatio-temporal model for forecasting the prevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, causative agent of Lyme disease, in domestic dogs within the contiguous United States","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.141878","article-title":"Geographic distribution and expansion of human Lyme disease, United States","volume":"21","author":"Kugeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.11.009","article-title":"Detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in naturally infected horses in the USA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using whole cell recombinant antigens","volume":"79","author":"Magnarelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.07.002","article-title":"Dogs and horses with antibodies to outer-surface protein C as on-time sentinels for ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi in New York State in 2011","volume":"107","author":"Wagner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1894-6","article-title":"The impact of temperature and precipitation on blacklegged tick activity and Lyme disease incidence in endemic and emerging regions","volume":"9","author":"Burtis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv237","article-title":"County-scale distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the continental United States","volume":"53","author":"Eisen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1661","article-title":"Confirmation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes scapularis, Southwestern Virginia","volume":"14","author":"Herrin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1529-y","article-title":"Human pathogens associated with blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Nelder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1912","article-title":"Passive surveillance of Ixodes scapularis, their biting activity, and associated pathogens in Massachusetts","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0054","first-page":"24699","article-title":"A serological survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in North America and the Caribbean as assessed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Borrelia burgdorferi species-specific peptides","volume":"4","author":"Qurollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05123-11","article-title":"Antibody profiling of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses","volume":"18","author":"Burbelo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.07.1030","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in a population of horses in central Texas","volume":"201","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.12.2570","article-title":"Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in New England horses: Serologic survey","volume":"46","author":"Marcus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31856.x","article-title":"Host responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and horses","volume":"539","author":"Bosler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.10.1365","article-title":"Class-specific and polyvalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in equids","volume":"195","author":"Magnarelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.1.169-173.1997","article-title":"Serologic diagnosis of canine and equine borreliosis: Use of recombinant antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays","volume":"35","author":"Magnarelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04367.x","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi infection in UK horses","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0062","first-page":"79","article-title":"The use of chosen serological diagnostic methods in Lyme disease in horses. Part II. Western blot","volume":"5","author":"Dzierzecka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.08.005","article-title":"Development of a multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in horses and its validation using Bayesian and conventional statistical methods","volume":"144","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12033","article-title":"Antibodies to OspC, OspF and C6 antigens as indicators for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in horses","volume":"45","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000309","article-title":"Validation of an in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.08.014","article-title":"Demonstration of the ability of a canine Lyme vaccine to reduce the incidence of histological synovial lesions following experimentally-induced canine Lyme borreliosis","volume":"180","author":"Grosenbaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.1.92-96.1990","article-title":"Comparison of indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western immunoblot for the diagnosis of Lyme disease in dogs","volume":"28","author":"Lindenmayer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(93)90137-V","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and other spirochetes affects specificity of serotests for detection of antibodies to the Lyme disease agent in dogs","volume":"36","author":"Shin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715587548","article-title":"Comparison between available serologic tests for detecting antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in horses in Canada","volume":"27","author":"Schvartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2012.036","article-title":"Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi ELISA antibody over time in both antibiotic treated and untreated horses","volume":"60","author":"Divers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.173-181.1999","article-title":"The immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody response to OspA and OspB correlates with severe and prolonged Lyme arthritis and the IgG response to P35 correlates with mild and brief arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Akin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1468-4","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for Lyme borreliosis in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Leeflang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0073","first-page":"237","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Italian horses","volume":"19","author":"Ebani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.313-317.2000","article-title":"Evaluation of whole-cell and OspC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for discrimination of early lyme borreliosis from OspA vaccination","volume":"38","author":"Wieneke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00464-8","article-title":"Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: A descriptive study","volume":"16","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131587","article-title":"Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato seroreactivity and seroprevalence in the northeastern United States","volume":"20","author":"Krause","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2009.03.002","article-title":"Perception of equine practitioners regarding the occurrence of selected equine neurologic diseases in the northeast over a 10-year period","volume":"29","author":"DeVilbiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12122","article-title":"Is Lyme disease overdiagnosed in horses?","volume":"45","author":"Bartol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1962","article-title":"Diagnosing borreliosis","volume":"17","author":"Cutler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0658.x","article-title":"Antibody coefficients for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Furr","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6221-8","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid findings in adults with acute Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"259","author":"Djukic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.004","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Arvikar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.24.610","article-title":"Lameness associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the horse","volume":"132","author":"Browning","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0084","first-page":"75","article-title":"Equine immune-mediated myofascial syndrome and its relation to Wei Qi syndromes","volume":"2","author":"Schoen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trad Chinese Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12139","article-title":"Plasma and synovial fluid concentration of doxycycline following low-dose, low-frequency administration, and resultant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 from interleukin-stimulated equine synoviocytes","volume":"46","author":"Maher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1086\/597807","article-title":"The antibiotics doxycycline and minocycline inhibit inflammatory responses to the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"199","author":"Bernardino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2009.11.004","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro activities of tigecycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline against the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"1","author":"Ates","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400776563608","article-title":"Study of intragastric administration of doxycycline: Pharmacokinetics including body fluid, endometrial and minimum inhibitory concentrations","volume":"32","author":"Bryant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2000.00249.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline-polyethylene glycol formulation in horses","volume":"23","author":"Dowling","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00226.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in mares","volume":"17","author":"Gardner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00459.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and distribution of minocycline in mature horses after oral administration of multiple doses and comparison with minimum inhibitory concentrations","volume":"44","author":"Schnabel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.4.355","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of Leptospira spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to amoxicillin, tilmicosin, and enrofloxacin","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1212-3","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics commonly used for treating equine Lyme disease","volume":"13","author":"Caol","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/508667","article-title":"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"43","author":"Wormser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505425","article-title":"Randomized trial of longer-term therapy for symptoms attributed to Lyme disease","volume":"374","author":"Berende","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S66739","article-title":"Chronic Lyme disease: Misconceptions and challenges for patient management","volume":"8","author":"Halperin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0097","first-page":"CD006978","article-title":"Antibiotics for the neurological complications of Lyme disease","volume":"12","author":"Cadavid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0698-7","article-title":"Doxycycline versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis","volume":"118","author":"Ogrinc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines","volume":"58","author":"Agwuh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1086\/518853","article-title":"Counterpoint: Long-term antibiotic therapy improves persistent symptoms associated with lyme disease","volume":"45","author":"Stricker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2853","article-title":"Treatment of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"11","author":"Girschick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3621","article-title":"Pathological pain and the neuroimmune interface","volume":"14","author":"Grace","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12957","article-title":"High-affinity glutamate transporters in chronic pain: An emerging therapeutic target","volume":"131","author":"Gegelashvili","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01594.x","article-title":"An in vitro study of the susceptibility of mobile and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi to metronidazole","volume":"107","author":"Brorson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Path Micro Im Scand"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0105","first-page":"97","article-title":"Evaluation of in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility of different morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi","volume":"4","author":"Sapi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.05.036","article-title":"Chronic coinfections in patients diagnosed with chronic lyme disease: A systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Lantos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1086\/345284","article-title":"Detection of attenuated, noninfectious spirochetes in Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice after antibiotic treatment","volume":"186","author":"Bockenstedt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1086\/649920","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment duration and long-term outcomes of patients with early lyme disease from a lyme disease-hyperendemic area","volume":"50","author":"Kowalski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0461-y","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation in neuronal cultures of dorsal root ganglia and myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Ramesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0806-9","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation in glial and neuronal cells of the central nervous system","volume":"14","author":"Ramesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26273","article-title":"Steroid use in Lyme disease-associated facial palsy is associated with worse long-term outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Jowett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0112","first-page":"684","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"371","author":"Shapiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.006","article-title":"Chronic Lyme disease","volume":"29","author":"Lantos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.6.1519-1525.1994","article-title":"Serological follow-up after treatment of patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis","volume":"32","author":"Hammers-Berggren","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20160406","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks and their equine hosts: A prospective clinical and diagnostic study of 47 horses following removal of a feeding tick","volume":"32","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0116","article-title":"Tick Management Handbook","author":"Stafford","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.1.144","article-title":"Reduced abundance of immature Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) following incremental removal of deer","volume":"30","author":"Deblinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.05.002","article-title":"Survival of Ixodes ricinus (Acari:Ixodidae) nymphs under cold conditions is negatively influenced by frequent temperature variations","volume":"4","author":"Herrmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12690","article-title":"Humoral response of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccination in equids","volume":"29","author":"Slaughter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.052","article-title":"Vaccination of horses with Lyme vaccines for dogs induces short-lasting antibody responses","volume":"35","author":"Guarino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.10.008","article-title":"Common misconceptions about Lyme disease","volume":"126","author":"Halperin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.63","article-title":"Chronic Lyme disease: The controversies and the science","volume":"9","author":"Lantos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1607146","article-title":"Need for a new Lyme disease vaccine. New","volume":"375","author":"Plotkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020600415425100_jvim15042-bib-0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2015.1091313","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis: Reviewing potential vaccines, clinical aspects and health economics","volume":"14","author":"\u0160mit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15042","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/2\/617\/66670172\/jvim15042.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/2\/617\/66670172\/jvim15042.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:42:08Z","timestamp":1770356528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/32\/2\/617\/8449608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]}}}