{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:14:07Z","timestamp":1776132847903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2835,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Companion Animal Fund, University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) have been correlated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans with various hepatopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether increases in serum IL-6, CCL2, CRP, or AST:ALT were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-four client-owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose-bred dogs, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurement of serum IL-6, CCL2, CRP, AST, and ALT before scheduled liver biopsy and evaluation of liver histopathology using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median serum IL-6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg\/mL; range, 1.4 to 235 pg\/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg\/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg\/mL), with marginal significance (P\u2009=\u2009.05). Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg\/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg\/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg\/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg\/mL; P\u2009=\u2009.008), but with considerable overlap between groups. Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because of substantial variability among dogs, single measurements of IL-6 and CCL2 have limited diagnostic utility for identifying fibrosis or necroinflammation, respectively, in dogs with various chronic liver diseases. The value of these biomarkers should be explored further in monitoring response to treatment in individual dogs with chronic hepatopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T08:26:58Z","timestamp":1519720018000},"page":"1009-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chantel","family":"Raghu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Sciences, ,Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Ekena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Sciences, ,Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, ,Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig B.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, ,Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Trepanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Sciences, ,Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02022.x","article-title":"Serum adipokine levels predictive of liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Lemoine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01774.x","article-title":"Increased hepatic and circulating interleukin-6 levels in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Wieckowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283229b40","article-title":"Could inflammatory markers help diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?","volume":"21","author":"Tarantino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.08.001","article-title":"Elevated systemic monocyte chemoattractrant protein-1 in hepatic steatosis without significant hepatic inflammation","volume":"91","author":"Kirovski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.3.416","article-title":"Serum concentrations and peripheral secretion of the beta chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04609.x","article-title":"Hepatic expression of CCL2 in alcoholic liver disease is associated with disease severity and neutrophil infiltrates","volume":"169","author":"Degre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0007","first-page":"295","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor and acute phase proteins in patients with chronic liver diseases","volume":"26","author":"Shiota","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.00912.x","article-title":"Replacement of histological findings: serum hyaluronic acid for fibrosis, high-sensitive C-reactive protein for necroinflammation in chronic viral hepatitis","volume":"61","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026609231094","article-title":"Progressive liver functional impairment is associated with an increase in AST\/ALT ratio","volume":"44","author":"Giannini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300604","article-title":"Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Angulo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02172.x","article-title":"Aspartate aminotransferase: alanine aminotransferase ratio in chronic hepatitis C infection: is it a useful predictor of cirrhosis?","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01518.x","article-title":"How far is noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis from replacing liver biopsy in hepatitis C?","volume":"19","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-010-1126-y","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations in dogs with hepatitis and hepatic tumours compared with those with extra-hepatic inflammation and tumours","volume":"21","author":"Neumann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.01.007","article-title":"Plasma cytokine concentrations in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt","volume":"200","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-012-9278-x","article-title":"Dogs with congenital porto-systemic shunting (cPSS) and hepatic encephalopathy have higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein than asymptomatic dogs with cPSS","volume":"27","author":"Gow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06038.x","article-title":"Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection","volume":"97","author":"Regev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.11.011","article-title":"Canine copper-associated hepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Dirksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240201","article-title":"An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group","volume":"24","author":"Bedossa","year":"1996","journal-title":". Hepatology."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12255","article-title":"Interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in dogs in an intensive care unit","volume":"44","author":"Schuttler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00228.x","article-title":"Serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in healthy and critically ill dogs","volume":"39","author":"Duffy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2010.00235.x","article-title":"Increased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 concentration and monocyte count independently associate with a poor prognosis in dogs with lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Perry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Comp Oncol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.06.001","article-title":"Assessment of CCL2 and CXCL8 chemokines in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue samples from dogs affected with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"206","author":"Roels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12351","article-title":"Serum biomarkers of clinical and cytologic response in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthropathy","volume":"28","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.005","article-title":"Relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and liver histology in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Targher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0103","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative pain and inflammation reaction in dogs undergoing preventive laparoscopic-assisted and incisional gastropexy","volume":"79","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12437","article-title":"Serum adipokine concentrations in dogs with acute pancreatitis","volume":"28","author":"Paek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.10.009","article-title":"Comparison of serum cytokine levels between dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy dogs","volume":"182","author":"Calvalido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.030","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and other inflammatory parameters in Bernese Mountain dogs with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"198","author":"Nikolic Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02450.x","article-title":"A scoring index for disease activity in canine inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Jergens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000214","article-title":"Association of canine obesity with reduced serum levels of C-reactive protein","volume":"20","author":"Veiga","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0031","article-title":"Plasma markers of inflammation and hemostatic and endothelial activity in naturally overweight and obese dogs","volume":"13","author":"Baric Rafaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.02.025","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptors in patients with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"67","author":"Migita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.05.033","article-title":"Dendritic cells in liver injury and fibrosis: shortcomings and promises","volume":"59","author":"Lukacs-Kornek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.004","article-title":"IL-6 pathway in the liver: from physiopathology to therapy","volume":"64","author":"Schmidt-Arras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.01.034","article-title":"The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6","volume":"1813","author":"Scheller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00069","article-title":"Cytokines and STATs in liver fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00056","article-title":"Functional role of monocytes and macrophages for the inflammatory response in acute liver injury","volume":"3","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.06.043","article-title":"Roles for chemokines in liver disease","volume":"147","author":"Marra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01200.x","article-title":"Silybin inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators in canine hepatocyte cultures","volume":"34","author":"Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.05.009","article-title":"Circulating cytokine concentrations in dogs with different degrees of myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"192","author":"Zois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0642.x","article-title":"Use of serum concentrations of interleukin-18 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as prognostic indicators in primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs","volume":"25","author":"Kjelgaard-Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12504","article-title":"Serum C-reactive protein and S100A12 concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease","volume":"57","author":"Craig","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0540","article-title":"Plasma high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in dogs with various diseases: comparison with C-reactive protein","volume":"73","author":"Ishida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0009","article-title":"Assessment of severity and changes in C-reactive protein concentration and various biomarkers in dogs with pancreatitis","volume":"79","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12262","article-title":"Serum C-reactive protein as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases","volume":"28","author":"Viitanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1251","article-title":"Blood hyaluronic acid as a marker for canine cirrhosis","volume":"71","author":"Kanemoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0113","article-title":"Suitability of using serum hyaluronic acid concentrations in the diagnosis of canine liver fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Glinska-Suchocka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0045","article-title":"Serum concentrations of PIIINP aminopeptide in dogs with liver fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Glinska-Suchocka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0081","article-title":"7S fragment of type IV collagen as a serum marker of canine liver fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Glinska-Suchocka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0050","first-page":"302","article-title":"Evaluation of hyaluronic acid, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 as serum markers of canine hepatic fibrosis","volume":"80","author":"Lidbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.01.010","article-title":"Hepatocyte-derived microRNAs as sensitive serum biomarkers of hepatocellular injury in Labrador retrievers","volume":"211","author":"Dirksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14716","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of plasma ALT, ALP, and bile acids for hepatitis in Labrador retrievers","volume":"31","author":"Dirksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0053","first-page":"428","article-title":"Plasma concentration of transforming growth factor-beta1 and hepatic fibrosis in dogs","volume":"72","author":"Neumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511000560","article-title":"The effects of weight loss on adipokines and markers of inflammation in dogs","volume":"106(","author":"Wakshlag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.07.010","article-title":"Increasing body condition score is positively associated interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in Labrador retrievers","volume":"167","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14684","article-title":"Interobserver agreement using histological scoring of the canine liver","volume":"31","author":"Lidbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020600324864800_jvim15064-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5326\/0400109","article-title":"Comparison of various methods for estimating body fat in dogs","volume":"40","author":"Mawby","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15064","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/3\/1009\/66670474\/jvim15064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/3\/1009\/66670474\/jvim15064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:33:02Z","timestamp":1770355982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/32\/3\/1009\/8449666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}}}