{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T17:04:44Z","timestamp":1770397484394,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2835,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different methods to perform reference calibration of an angiographic image exist; however, a prospective comparison of calibration methods has yet to be investigated in veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare angiographic measurements using two commonly employed reference calibration methods, an esophageal pigtail marker catheter (EC) versus a radiopaque table ruler (TR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-five client-owned dogs undergoing transcatheter intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective comparison study. Two reference calibration methods, EC and TR, were recorded in dogs undergoing transcatheter procedures from May 2016 to July 2017. Relevant measurements were performed in triplicate and averaged after image calibration to either EC or TR. Comparisons between methods were made by correlation, paired t-test, the method of Bland and Altman, and Passing-Bablok regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 39 angiographic structures were measured. Interventions included balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n\u2009=\u200921), patent ductus arteriosus occlusion (n\u2009=\u200911), subaortic or sub-pulmonary balloon dilatation (n\u2009=\u20094), and cor triatriatum membranostomy (n\u2009=\u20093). Angiographic measurements were larger when calibrated to EC versus TR (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). The mean bias was 0.86 mm, with greater bias for larger measurements. The EC measurements were \u223c10% greater than TR based on regression analysis. Weight was correlated to the difference between methods (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.55, P\u2009=\u2009.0003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Angiographic image calibration using a ruler placed on the fluoroscopy table underestimates the size of a structure by \u223c10% as compared with a marker catheter placed within the esophagus. This effect is greatest when measuring larger structures such as the pulmonary valve annulus and in larger dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T07:08:37Z","timestamp":1520838517000},"page":"956-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of calibration methods on the accuracy of angiographic measurements during transcatheter procedures in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Markovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, ,Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Scansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, ,Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0001","first-page":"773","article-title":"Cinecoronary arteriography (abstract)","volume":"20","author":"Sones","year":"1959","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0002","first-page":"735","article-title":"Cine coronary arteriography","volume":"31","author":"Sones","year":"1962","journal-title":"Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0003","first-page":"E38","article-title":"Measurement of vessel diameter during angioplasty: are we accurately performing this task?","volume":"27","author":"Salmon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0004","first-page":"325","article-title":"Cardiac Catheterization in Congenital Heart Disease: Pediatric and Adult","author":"Mullins","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0005","first-page":"531","article-title":"Size estimation and magnification error in radiographic imaging: implications for classification of arteriovenous malformations","volume":"16","author":"Elisevich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00921-8","article-title":"Evaluation of calibration methods for size estimation in the pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory","volume":"86","author":"Szmuilowicz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0007","first-page":"148","article-title":"Evaluation of catheters and metallic catheter markers as calibration standard for measurement of coronary dimension","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0008","first-page":"575","article-title":"Veterinary Image-Guided Interventions. 1st ed","author":"Scansen","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0009","first-page":"334","article-title":"Suitability of the Cordis Stabilizer marker guide wire for quantitative coronary angiography calibration: an in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"52","author":"Koning","year":"2001","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0010","author":"Livyatan"},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850510015992","article-title":"Vessel size estimation in peripheral artery interventions: are angiographic measurements reliable?","volume":"46","author":"Stenstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(99)70456-2","article-title":"Determination of inferior vena cava diameter in the angiographic suite: comparison of three common methods","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"2026020600322438600_jvim15082-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01015.x","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. 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