{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:19:09Z","timestamp":1776824349278,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2774,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brdr. 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However, no previous studies have quantified the performance reduction in horses suffering from AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the effect of AF on maximum velocity (Vmax), maximum heart rate (HRmax), heart rate recovery (T100), hematologic parameters and development of abnormal QRS complexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine Standardbred trotters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-arm controlled trial. Six horses had AF induced by means of a pacemaker and 3 served as sham-operated controls. All horses were subjected to an exercise test to fatigue before (SET1) and after (SET2) 2 months of AF or sham. The Vmax and HRmax were assessed using a linear mixed normal model. Abnormal QRS complexes were counted manually on surface ECGs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation resulted in a 1.56 m\/sec decrease in Vmax (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). In the AF group, HRmax\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD increased from 226\u2009\u00b1\u200911 bpm at SET1 to 311\u2009\u00b1\u200927 bpm at SET 2. The AF group had higher HRmax at SET2 compared with controls (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001), whereas no difference between the control and AF groups was observed at SET1 (P\u2009=\u2009.96). Several episodes of wide complex tachycardia were observed during exercise in 3 of the AF horses during SET2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation resulted in a significant reduction in performance, an increase in HR and development of abnormal QRS complexes during exercise, which may be a risk factor for collapse or sudden cardiac death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T02:10:37Z","timestamp":1526004637000},"page":"1410-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effect of induced chronic atrial fibrillation on exercise performance in Standardbred 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