{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:49:20Z","timestamp":1773287360892,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2712,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Judith McBean Foundation"},{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Health"},{"name":"The Judith McBean Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Babesia conradae is an intraerythrocytic piroplasm infecting dogs in the southern United States. Ticks have been suspected, but unproven, as vectors. We identified B. conradae and other blood-borne pathogens in 2 kennels of sighthounds with a history of coyote fighting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with B. conradae infection, risk factors for infection, and the prevalence of coinfections with other blood-borne pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-five Greyhounds and Greyhound mixes<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood samples were collected from each dog for CBC, serum biochemistry panel, conventional and real-time PCR assays (Babesia spp., hemoplasmas, Ehrlichia canis, Bartonella spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp.), vector-borne pathogen ELISA, and immunofluorescent serology and culture for Bartonella spp and Francisella tularensis sero-agglutination test. Associations between B. conradae infection and coyote fighting, age and laboratory abnormalities were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine dogs were PCR-positive for B. conradae. Of these, 16 were PCR-positive for other vector-borne organisms including Mycoplasma haemocanis, \u201cCandidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum,\u201d E. canis, and a Hepatozoon felis-like organism. Twelve of the 20 dogs tested for seroreactivity to Bartonella spp. antigens were positive, but none were seropositive for tularemia. Infection with B. conradae was associated with a history of aggressive interactions with coyotes; lower hematocrit, leukocyte count, MCHC, platelet count and serum albumin concentration; and higher MCV, MPV, and serum globulin concentration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Babesia conradae infection should be considered in dogs with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. As with B. gibsoni, aggressive interactions with other canids may play a role in B. conradae transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T11:24:04Z","timestamp":1539257044000},"page":"1609-1617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Babesia conradae<\/i>\n                    infection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood-borne pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Dear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Pathology, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LeAnn L.","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex W.","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Parana Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Curitiba, Paran\u00e1,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno B.","family":"Chomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Marcondes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922060548200_jvim15233-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.05.601","article-title":"Hemolytic anemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs","volume":"199","author":"Conrad","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAm Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"2026020922060548200_jvim15233-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(94)90054-X","article-title":"Serosurvey of Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni and Ehrlichia canis in pound dogs in California, USA","volume":"18","author":"Yamane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"2026020922060548200_jvim15233-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.044","article-title":"Babesia conradae, sp. 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