{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:25:13Z","timestamp":1779272713283,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2658,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]],"date-time":"2018-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Naturally occurring hypothyroidism in adult cats is rare, with only 4 cases reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the historical, clinical, laboratory, and scintigraphic features of adult cats with spontaneous hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven adult cats referred for suspected hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective case series. We collected data on cats\u2019 signalment, clinical signs, results of physical examination, routine laboratory and thyroid hormone testing, and thyroid imaging (thyroid scintigraphy or ultrasound). We subsequently treated cats with levothyroxine and evaluated their response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats ranged from 3.5 to 11 years, with no apparent breed predilection; 6\/7 cats were male. Only 2\/7 cats were initially tested because of signs of hypothyroidism (hair-coat changes, lethargy, obesity); others were tested for routine thyroid monitoring or palpable thyroid nodules. Four were azotemic (serum creatinine, 2.2-3.4 mg\/dL). Six of the cats had low serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (fT4) concentrations, whereas all 7 cats had high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. In 6\/7 cats, thyroid scintigraphy revealed bilateral goiter with intense radionuclide uptake; imaging showed no visible thyroid tissue in the other. After levothyroxine treatment, serum concentrations of T4 and fT4 increased and TSH fell; high serum creatinine normalized in azotemic cats; and repeat imaging showed reduction in goiter size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary hypothyroidism develops in adult cats, with a higher prevalence than previously thought. Most cats appear to develop a goitrous form of hypothyroidism associated with thyroid hyperplasia, whereas thyroid atrophy appears to be less common. With levothyroxine replacement, clinical and laboratory abnormalities improve or resolve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T02:22:13Z","timestamp":1538965333000},"page":"1864-1873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Endocrine Clinic , New York"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia A.","family":"Carothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akron Veterinary Internal Medical Practice , Copley, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antech Laboratories, Inc. , Lake Success, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rishniw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York"},{"name":"Veterinary Information Network , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0001","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spontaneous adult-onset hypothyroidism in a cat","volume":"32","author":"Rand","year":"1993","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.07.012","article-title":"Use of thyroid scintigraphy and pituitary immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of spontaneous hypothyroidism in a mature cat","volume":"12","author":"Blois","year":"2010","journal-title":"JFeline Med Surg."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0003","first-page":"682","article-title":"Primary hypothyroidism and thyroid goiter in an adult cat","volume":"28","author":"Galgano","year":"2014","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000282","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreccr-2015-000282","article-title":"Naturally occurring acquired primary hypothyroidism in a cat due to lymphocytic thyroiditis","volume":"4","author":"Kent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Rec Case Rep."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology","author":"Daminet","year":"2012","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0006","first-page":"571","article-title":"The Cat: Clinical Medicine and Management","author":"Baral","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0007","first-page":"205511691561515","article-title":"Primary goitrous hypothyroidism in a young adult domestic longhair cat: Diagnosis and treatment monitoring","volume":"1","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0008","first-page":"168, 170","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism in a cat","volume":"45","author":"Crowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can Vet J."},{"key":"2026021006402364700_jvim15239-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.1.29","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? 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