{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:36:11Z","timestamp":1791894971905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2712,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005361","name":"American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Foundation Cardiology Resident Research grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005361","name":"American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats is challenging. Point-of-care (POC) thoracic ultrasound and NT-proBNP testing are emerging tools that may aid in diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of POC lung ultrasound (LUS), focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU), and NT-proBNP in predicting a final diagnosis of CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-one cats in respiratory distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood NT-proBNP, LUS, and FCU evaluating left atrial (LA) size and presence of pericardial effusion (PCEFF) were performed in all cats. Lung ultrasound findings including pleural effusion (PLEFF), number of B-lines, and sub-pleural abnormalities were noted. Medical records were evaluated for final diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three of 51 (65%) cats were diagnosed with CHF. Lung ultrasound and blood NT-proBNP were significant predictors of CHF in a multivariate model. The LUS criterion that maximized accuracy for CHF diagnosis was presence of &amp;gt;1 site strongly positive for B-lines (&amp;gt;3 B-lines per site), resulting in sensitivity of 78.8%, specificity of 83.3%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833. Subjective LA enlargement was 97.0% sensitive and 100% specific for CHF (AUC 0.985). Presence of PCEFF also was 100% specific, but only 60.6% sensitive, for CHF (AUC 0.803). A positive blood NT-proBNP test was 93.9% sensitive and 72.2% specific for the diagnosis of CHF (AUC 0.831).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Point-of-care diagnostic techniques of LUS, FCU, and NT-proBNP are useful to diagnose CHF in cats with respiratory distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T03:51:01Z","timestamp":1537069861000},"page":"1530-1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Evaluation of point-of-care thoracic ultrasound and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Lisciandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hill Country Veterinary Specialists , Spicewood, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin K.","family":"Viall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Pathology, , Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent D.","family":"Aona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari A.","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamir","family":"Reina-Doreste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa C.","family":"DeFrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.202","article-title":"Population and survival characteristics of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 260 cases (1990\u20131999)","volume":"220","author":"Rush","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAm Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01143.x","article-title":"Clinical signs and left atrial size in cats with cardiovascular disease in general practice","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"JSmall Anim Pract."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0003","first-page":"S244","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy prevalence in 780 apparently healthy cats in rehoming centres (the CatScan study)","volume":"17","author":"Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12131","article-title":"Radiographic and echocardiographic assessment of left atrial size in 100 cats with acute left-sided congestive heart failure","volume":"55","author":"Schober","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0005","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Thoracic radiography in the cat: identification of cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Guglielmini","year":"2015","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0006","first-page":"536","article-title":"Differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions in cats using second-generation quantitative and point-of-care NT-proBNP measurements","volume":"30","author":"Hezzell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0007","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Focused cardiac ultrasound and point-of-care NT-proBNP assay in the emergency room improves the differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of dyspnea in cats","volume":"26","author":"Ostroski","year":"2016","journal-title":"JVet Emerg Crit Care."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0008","first-page":"S74","article-title":"Cardiac biomarkers in cats","volume":"17","author":"Borgeat","year":"2015","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.6.666","article-title":"Accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats with acute dyspnea","volume":"250","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAm Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0010","first-page":"499","article-title":"Frequency and number of B-lines using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination in cats with radiographically normal lungs compared to cats with left-sided congestive heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Lisciandro","year":"2017","journal-title":"JVet Emerg Crit Care."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0011","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Absence of B-lines on lung ultrasound (Vet BLUE protocol) to rule out left-sided congestive heart failure in 368 cats and dogs","volume":"26","author":"Lisciandro","year":"2016","journal-title":"JVet Emerg Crit Care."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2800","article-title":"Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol","volume":"134","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12122","article-title":"Frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets (B-lines) using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination named Vet BLUE (Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Exam) in dogs with radiographically normal lung findings","volume":"55","author":"Lisciandro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0014","first-page":"166","article-title":"Focused Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner","author":"14","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4","article-title":"International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12435","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Al Deeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00347.x","article-title":"Emergency thoracic ultrasound in the differentiation of the etiology of shortness of breath (ETUDES): sonographic B-lines and N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide in diagnosing congestive heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Liteplo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12151","article-title":"Transthoracic lung ultrasound in normal dogs and dogs with cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a pilot study","volume":"55","author":"Rademacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0019","first-page":"700","article-title":"Assessment of lung ultrasound B-lines in dogs with different stages of chronic valvular heart disease","volume":"31","author":"Vezzosi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0020","first-page":"111","article-title":"Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the feline left atrium","volume":"20","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0021","first-page":"429","article-title":"Evaluation of four 2-dimensional echocardiographic methods of assessing left atrial size in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Rishniw","year":"2000","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0022","first-page":"59","article-title":"Point-of-Care Ultrasound","author":"Lee","year":"2015","edition":"1"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.10.51","article-title":"Should lung ultrasonography be more widely used in the assessment of acute respiratory disease?","volume":"4","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0024","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Use of a lung ultrasound examination (Vet BLUE) to screen for metastatic lung nodules in the emergency room","volume":"25","author":"Kulhavy","year":"2015","journal-title":"JVet Emerg Crit Care."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0025","first-page":"188","article-title":"Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound","author":"Neelis","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-9-6","article-title":"Lung ultrasound: a new tool for the cardiologist","volume":"9","author":"Gargani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0027","first-page":"S329","article-title":"Cardiac pathology findings in 252 cats presented for necropsy; a comparison of cats with unexpected death versus other","volume":"17","author":"Wilkie","year":"2015","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0028","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Evaluation of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dogs with cough","volume":"31","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0029","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Distribution of alveolar-interstitial syndrome in dyspneic veterinary patients assessed by lung ultrasound versus thoracic radiographs","volume":"30","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00655.x","article-title":"Radiographic appearance of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in 23 cats","volume":"50","author":"Benigni","year":"2009","journal-title":"JSmall Anim Pract."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0031","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Pericardial effusion in cats: a retrospective study of clinical findings and outcome in 146 cats","volume":"21","author":"Hall","year":"2007","journal-title":"JVet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0032","first-page":"268","article-title":"Evaluation of a training course in focused echocardiography for noncardiology house officers","volume":"23","author":"Tse","year":"2013","journal-title":"JVet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.02.003","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography for evaluation of acute dyspnea in the ED","volume":"151","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.12.003","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of cardiopulmonary ultrasound performed by the emergency physician in the management of acute dyspnea","volume":"33","author":"Gallard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0035","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Utility of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to distinguish between congestive heart failure and non-cardiac causes of acute dyspnea in cats","volume":"11","author":"Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0036","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations to distinguish between cats with cardiac and non-cardiac causes of respiratory distress","volume":"11","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1319-6","article-title":"Assessment of a bedside test for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to differentiate cardiac from non-cardiac causes of pleural effusion in cats","volume":"13","author":"Wurtinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0038","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comparison of auscultatory and echocardiographic findings in healthy adult cats","volume":"12","author":"Wagner","year":"2010","journal-title":"JVet Cardiol."},{"key":"2026020922030366100_jvim15246-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10511","article-title":"Combination of lung ultrasound (a comet-tail sign) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in differentiating acute heart failure from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma as cause of acute dyspnea in prehospital emergency setting","volume":"15","author":"Prosen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care."}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/5\/1530\/66670620\/jvim15246.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/32\/5\/1530\/66670620\/jvim15246.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1770692658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/32\/5\/1530\/8449684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}